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COMMUNICATION, REFERENCES, Speaking is the delivery of language through…

- - - - KINESICS
        
        The study of body motions, especially posture, is known as kinesiology. Gestures, facial expressions, eye behavior, touching, and any other movement of the limbs and body are all examples of kinesics. Physical qualities connected with kinesics include body shape, physique, posture, height, weight, hair, and skin color.
        
        EXPRESSION
        
        The human face is incredibly expressive, capable of conveying a wide range of emotions without saying anything. Facial expressions, unlike some other kinds of nonverbal communication, are universal. Across civilizations, the facial expressions for happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, and contempt are all the same.
        
        GESTURES
        
        The meaning of some gestures varies greatly throughout cultures. While the hand-made "OK" sign, for example, normally sends a good message in English-speaking countries, it is deemed offensive in Germany, Russia, and Brazil. As a result, it's critical to be cautious about how you utilize gestures in order to avoid misinterpretation.
        
        POSTURE
        
        Posture and mobility of the body. Consider how the way people sit, move, stand, or hold their heads affects your perceptions of them. The way we move and conduct ourselves sends out a lot of information to the rest of the world. Your posture, bearing, stance, and subtle motions are all examples of nonverbal communication.
        
        EYE CONTACT
        
        Because most people's major sense is vision, eye contact is a particularly essential kind of nonverbal communication. Many things can be communicated by the way you stare at someone, including attention, affection, animosity, or attraction. Maintaining eye contact is also vital for keeping the discussion flowing and measuring the other person's interest and response.
        
        SPACE
        
        Everyone require physical space, yet how much space we require varies depending on culture, situation, and the closeness of the relationship. Physical space can be used to transmit a variety of nonverbal messages, including as signals of intimacy and affection, hostility, and authority.
        
        VOICE
        
        Other people "read" our voice in addition to listening to the words while we talk. Your timing and pace, how loud we speak, tone and inflection, and sounds that suggest understanding, such as "ahh" and "uh-huh," are all things kids pay attention to. Consider how the voice tone can convey sarcasm, rage, tenderness, or confidence.
        
        TOUCH
        
        A touch is a powerful tool for communication. Feeble handshake, a loving bear hug, a patronizing pat on the head, or a dominating grasp on the arm send completely different messages.
      - PROXEMICS
        
        The way individuals perceive and use space, such as seating arrangements, physical space, and conversational distance, is known as proxemics (personal space)
        
        PHYSICAL SPACE
        
        The concept of physical space is linked to the concept of personal space zones. Employees with higher prestige, for example, have better offices than those with lower status. Several doors, assistants, and secretaries usually keep intruders out of top executive quarters.
        
        A superior usually feel comfortable barging in on subordinates without permission, but subordinates are more cautious and ask permission or schedule an appointment before visiting a superior.
        
        SEATING ARRANGEMENT
        
        We can seat folks in different positions depending on communication goals. Seat the other person next to you, facing the same direction, to encourage cooperation. Seat the other person at right angles to you to encourage direct and open dialogue.
        
        This enables more open communication. When you're in a competitive situation, sit across from the person you're competing with.
      - PARALANGUAGE
        
        Voice quality, volume, tempo, pitch, non-fluencies (for example, uh, um, ah), laughing, yawning, and other speech variations are examples of paralanguage.
        
        Deciphering paralanguage cues allows people to make attributions about the sender. Speech characteristics such as pitch, volume, voice quality, and speech rate can convey confidence, nervousness, anger, or enthusiasm.
      - CHRONEMICS
        
        Chronemics is the study of how people use time, such as being late or early, keeping others waiting, and other time-status links. Being late for a meeting, for example, might transmit a variety of messages, including carelessness, lack of involvement, and lack of ambition.
        
        High-status individuals arriving late underlines their supremacy over subordinates. Their tardiness is a symbol of strength or a full schedule.
  - - - Focus out for inconsistencies. Speech from others could be reinforced through nonverbal communication. Is the person stating one thing but communicating a different message through their body language like saying yes meanwhile shaking head as no.
      - Take note of all the nonverbal cues from eye contact to voice tone and body language. Are their nonverbal cues consistent—or inconsistent—with what they're saying when taken all together?
      - Everyone has instincts for each situation which might be in a bad or good situation. Don't just reject the instincts as you may picking up on a discrepancy between verbal and nonverbal clues if you have the feeling that someone isn't being honest or that things don't add up.
- - - - LISTENING
        
        WRITING
      - READING