The political revolutions of the 19th century

The revolutions of the 1820s

The revolutions of the 1830

The revolutions of the 1848

Liberal revolutions to establish constitutional monarchies

Belgium wanted independence from Holland image

Bourbons returned to the throne

In Portugal succeded image

In Spain absolutism was re-established image

Greece wanted independence from Ottoman Empire image

Supported by countries who wanted to end Ottoman power in the Mediterranean

Finally, treaty of Adrianopolis recognised Greek independence

Many differences in language and religion

Nationalist and liberal revolution in 1830 gave its independence

Leopold I of Saxe-Coburg became his constitutional monarch image

Charles X ruled from 1824 to 1830 image

Louis XVIII ruled from 1814 to 1824 image

Approved decrees without consulting the Legislative Assembly

Louis Philippe of Orleans became constitutional monarch image

In France image

Bourgeoisie and workers advocated democratic principles

Petite bourgeoisie and workers were successful securing democratic objectives

Second Republic was established

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon III) became president image