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The political revolutions of the 19th century, image, image, image, image,…
The political revolutions of the 19th century
political revolution
took place durin 19th century
brought an end to absolute monarchy
people didn't accept either the Restoration or the return of the Ancien Régime
were based on liberalism, nationalism and democracy
The revolutions of the 1820s
In Spain and Portugal
there were liberal revolutions that aimer to establish constitutional monarchies
Portugal: this succeeded
Spain: absolutism re-established after 3 years of liberal rule (Liberal Triennium)
Greece
wanted independence from Ottoman empire
In 1821 a liberal-nationalist revolution began
It was supported by other European countries who wanted to end Ottoman power in the Mediterranean
Russia
Great britain
France
The revolutions of 1830
Belgium
wanted indpendence from Holland (it had been united to form the Netherlands as a result of the Congress of Vienna)
This two countries were very different
lenguage and religion
most Belgians were Catholics
most Dutch were Protestants
Holland imposed its politics on Belgium, until a nationalist and liberal revolution
1830, Belgium became independent
Leopold I of Saxe-Coburg became Belgium's constitutional monarch
During the Restoration in France
the Bourbons had returned to the throne
Louis XVIII ruled from 1814 to 1824
followed by his brother, Charles X, from 1824 to 1830
Charles X strengthened the absolute monarchy and suppressed liberties
Revolution started
when Charles X approved various decrees
restriction of press freedom, without consulting the Legislative Assembly
After his abdication, the assembly voted for a new king
Louis Philippe of Orleans was chosen
he ruled as a constituional monarch from 1830 to 1848
the cousin of Charles X
The revolutions of 1848
1848
marked a more radical phase of the 19th-century revolution
the petite bourgeoisie and workers advocated democratic principles
they would gice them acces to political power
These revolutions failed everywhere except in France
In France
the petite bourgeoisie and workers were successful in securing democratic objectives
in particular universal manhood suffrage
Louis Philippe abdicated in 1848
he Second Republic was established
Luis Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon's nephew
was elected president
He staged a coup and proclaimed himself emperor in 1852
He ruled France as Napoleon III until 1870
he maintained universal manhood suffrage
