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Italian and German unification, image, image, image, image - Coggle Diagram
Italian and German unification
Germany and Italy
divided into small states
divisions were confirmed by the Congress of Vienna
19th century
nationalist movements succeeded
ITALIAN UNIFICATION (1859–1870)
factors
Nationalist and liberal successes in other countries
The failure of the Revolutions of 1848 also encouraged nationalism
Congress of Vienna left the Italian Peninsula divided into seven states
Important figures supported Italian unification
The unification
initiated by Piedmont-Sardinia
Victor Emmanuel II and Cavour
tried to extend their kingdom's constitutional system
1859
Piedmontese expelled the Austrians from Lombardy
with the help of Napoleon III
Piedmont annexed Parma, Modena and Tuscany.
Italian nationalists
led by the prestigious politician and military leader
1860
Garibaldi, conquered the Kingdom of the Two Sicilie
1866
Piedmontese and Garibaldi took control of Venetia
Austria had been defeated by Prussia.
1870
Rome was occupied and annexed.
THE CONSEQUENCES OF ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION
Both unifications affected European international relations.
The German Empire became Europe's dominant power
The Austro-Hungarian Empire lost power and influence in both Italy and Germany.
France and the Austro-Hungarian Empire had been weakened by these events, the Russian Empire decided to expand towards the Balkansin order to gain access to the Mediterranean Sea.
GERMAN UNIFICATION (1866–1871)
factors
liberal and nationalist ideas were popular in Germany.
During the Revolution of 1848, the Frankfurt Parliament tried to create a unified state with universal manhood suffrage.
German Confederation was divided into 39 states
1834, a customs union was established
Otto von Bismarck
named Chancellor (prime minister) of Prussia in 1862
Prussia
nationalism was strong
it had a large army and a developed economy.
Bismarck expelled the Austrians from the German Confederation after the Battle of Sadowa in 1866
second phase of unification
Bismarck defeated Napoleon III of France
Prussia annexed Alsace-Lorraine from France
after this victory the German princes decided to unite with Prussia.
1871
Germany became the Second Reich and the unification process ended(kaiser).
Berlin became the capital and Wilhelm I became emperor
