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Case Study: Ethiopia - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Large companies provide employment and training of skills
      - Modern technology is introduced
      - Companies often invest in the local area, improving services (e.g. roads, electricity) and social amenities.
      - Local companies may benefit by supplying the TNCs
      - TNCs have many international business links, helping industry to thrive.
      - The government benefits from export taxes, providing money that can be spent on improving education, health care and services
    - - TNCs can exploit the low-wage economy and avoid paying local taxes.
      - International work safety regulations may not be adhered to
      - Environmental damage may be caused.
      - Higher paid management jobs are often help by foreign nationals.
      - Infrastructure is built to benefit the commercial activity, not to stimulate development
      - Most of the profit goes abroad rather than developing the host country.
      - Incentives used to attract TNCs could have been spent supporting Ethiopian companies instead.
- - - - Ethiopia has a varied landscape. The deeply incised Ethiopian Highlands in the west rise to 4500 metres. While these areas are cooler than the lowlands, soils tend to be thin and the landscape is challenging for communications and the use of machinery.
      - Highland plateaus and the lowlands offer better opportunities for farming, although in places they suffer from overgrazing, soil erosion and desertification. In the southeast of Ethiopia is the Ogaden Desert.
    - - Ethiopia has three distinct climatic regions. Rainfall is unreliable and can lead to prolonged periods of drought, particularly in the eastern lowlands.
      - In the 1980s, Ethiopia suffered from severe drought and famine.
      - Overgrazing and desertification are significant issues in the east. In the wetter and cooler western and central regions, food production is high.
    - - Ehtiopia has reserves of gold, oil and gas but these have yet to be fully exploited.
      - Currently minerals - mostly gold - account for about 20% of exports by value.
    - - Reflecting the diversity of landscape and climate, Ethiopia has a number of different ecosystems including mountains, woodlands and wetlands.
      - Extensive tropical savanna grasslands fringe the highlands and deserts and semi-deserts are found on the eastern lowlands.
      - Biodiversity is high, with thousands of species of plants, birds and animals, including several endangered species.