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Modèle de mobilité des pesticides - Coggle Diagram

- - - - use the calculated data to simulate the fate of atrazine and trifluralin in different environmental conditions. Such laboratory studies can validate the assumption of considering 1st order degradation rate in many pesticide modeling tools
        
        assess environmental fate of six chemicals with different chemical and physical properties in laboratory tests. The experiments intended to study degradation and leaching potential of dichlorophenol, dinitro toluene, trichloroethylphosphate,
        
        Half-lives of chemicals is determined based on first- order degradation kinetics
    - - An increase in the amount of irrigation water increased carbofuran penetration in the soil profile causing leaching. Characteristics of soil properties such as low organic matter and clay content made the unsaturated zone more vulnerable to contamination with carbofuran. High hydraulic conductivity of the field soil also strongly influenced the mobility of the pesticide.
- - - - Leaching Estimation And CHemistry Pesticide model (LEACHP)
      - PESTicide Leaching and Accumulation Model (PESTLA)
      - Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM)
      - MACROporous pesticide model (MACRO)
      - Pesticide Leaching Model (PELMO)
      - Leaching Model (VARLEACH),
      - Pesticide Leaching Model (PLM)
      - According to Garrat et al. (2002), PELMO featured by the inclusion of a variety of processes to allow the user to simulate pesticide application considering different system factors. LEACHP, PESTLA, MACRO use Richard’s equation to describe water flow. Richard’s equation describes the dynamics of the water flow regime and considers variability of hydraulic conductivity of each soil layer. However, PELMO,PRZM, PLM and VARLEACH models the flow regime based on the “field capacity” concept allowing water in excess of field capacity flows down to the layer beneath within unit time step. First-order biodegradation and linear adsorption-desorption are included in all computer programs listed in table 2.1. Only MACRO and PELMO have Freundlich non-linear sorption option in addition. Second-order degradation is also embedded with PELMO package
      - GLEAMS, SIMULAT,
    - - The aim was to compare the software capabilities to assess leaching potential of pesticides through the unsaturated soil zones. Different scenarios were created by changing number of pesticides load and different infiltration rates.
        
        PESTAN (Pesticide Analytical),
      - SESOIL (Seasonal Soil Compartment Model) le meilleur
      - SWAP (Soil Water Atmosphere Plant system)
      - WAVE (Water and Agrochemical in
        Soil)
      - PRZM-2 (Pesticide Root Zone
        Model)