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Long Syndrome Covid-19 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Inflammatory damage to endothelial cells due to SARS-CoV-2 leadsto the following consequences: loss of anticoagulant sur-face, fibrin formation, release of endothelial granules and deposition of vWF, leukocyte recruitment, and comple-ment activation.
    - - Proinflammatory cytokines induce the expression of tissue factor (TF), the primary initiator of the extrinsiccoagulation cascade, which strongly contributes to a hypercoagulable state
    - - The ACE2 receptors undergo down-regulation after SARS-CoV-2 binding, resulting in an accumulation of angiotensin II and Angiotensin. The high angiotensin II and Angiotensin-(1–7)lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)formation and complement activation. It also interfereswith the antioxidant mechanism. Activated complement and its products may promote thrombus formation by various mechanisms.
    - - Neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular tangles of DNA released by Neutrophils and are enriched with granules-derived antimicrobial peptides and enzymes. The purpose is to contain the infection, but NETs also play a role in microthrombi formation. They do so by causing platelet and RBC adhesion and by concentrating effector proteins and coagulation factors
  - - - Hyperviscosity develops due to an increase in fibrinogen levels and can promotethrombosis as one of the components of Virchow’s triad,and it can also damage the endothelium
  - - - The mechanisms of preserved platelet counts include an increased thrombopoietin production by liver activation and excessive platelet production by megakaryocytes in the lungs
      - Significant thrombocytopenia, if occurs, is due to the consumption of platelets by the formation of pulmonary thrombi
    - - The source of elevated D-dimer in COVID-19 infection isexcessive fibrinolysis. Fibrinolysis of the fibrin deposited in the intra-alveolar space in acute lung injury patients may also raise the D-dimer levels.
    - - The vWF promotes thrombosis by binding to platelet receptors and thus activate platelet adhesion and aggregation
- - - - Penyuluhan (informasi)
      - Menerapkan etika batuk
      - Konsumsi makanan bergizi
      - Olahraga
    - - Vaksinasi
      - 5M
        
        Masker, Mencuci tangan, menghindari keramaian, menjaga mobilitas,
      - Social distancing & isolasi mandiri