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Chapter 2 Cell as the Basic Unit of life - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 2
Cell as the Basic Unit of life
2.1 Cell - Structure,Function and Organisation
Cells carry out all life's functions such as growth,respiration and excretion
A cell resembles a microscopic factory where thousands of chemical reactions occur.
Cells undergo division process to form new cells and replace damaged cells. 1 individual cell becomes 2 cells and so on.
Functions of structure in Animal Cells and Plant cells
PLANT CELL
Chloroplast : Absorbs light energy for the process of photosynthesis
Cell membrane : Controls the flow of materials in & out of the cell.
Mitochondria : Produces energy for reactions
Vacuole : Provides support to cells when filled with cell sap.
Cytoplasm : Acts as a medium where chemical reaction occur.
Cell wall : Provides support,protection and fixed shape to the cell
1 more item...
has cell wall , chloroplast,vacuole,fixed shape
ANIMAL CELL
Cell membrane : Controls the flow of materials in & out of the cell.
Mitochondria : Produces energy for reactions.
Nuclues :
Controls all activities in the cell.
Contains chromosomes consisting of deoxyribonucleisacid (DNA) that carries genetic information.
Cytoplasm : Acts as a medium where chemical reactions occur
NO cell wall ,chloroplast,vacuole,fixed shape
Unicellular & Multicellular Organisms
Unicellular organisms ("uni"= 1)
organisms that consist of only one cell
Animal kingdom : Amoeba & Paramecium that live in watery areas.
Euglena : characteristics of both plants & animals.
can make its own food using sunlight like plants & move like animals.
Plant Kingdom : Chlamydomonas
Multicellular organisms
("multi"=many)
organisms that consist of more than 1 cell
Mucor,Spirogyra,Hydra
The types and Functions of Animal Cells & Planet Cells
Animal Cells
reproductive cells
sperms carry male genetic materials and an ovum carries female genetic materials.
muscle cells
contract & relax muscles to enable movement
red blood cells
no nucleus
biconcave disc shaped to increase surface area.
contain haemoglobin that functions to transprt oxygen to all parts of the body.
transport carbon dioxide from cells in all part of the body to the lungs
epithelium cells
form a layer that protects organs in the body,these cell also secrete mucus.
white blood cells
change their form to surround foreign particles & destroy them
nerve cells
contain long fibres that function to carry information in the form of impulse to all parts of the body.
Plant Cells
Epidermal cells
Function to reduce water loss,allow gaseous exchange & absorption of water & nutrient
Palisade cells
Contain chlorophyll to absorb sunlight to carry out photosynthesis
guard cells
control the opening & closing of stoma.A stoma is a small pore between the guard cells.The stoma is usually open during the day to carry out photosynthesis.The stoma is closed at night or when the plant loses alot of water on a hot day.
root hair cells
Increase the surface area to absorb more water & nutrient from the soil.
the order of cell organisation
cell > tissue > organ > system > organism
in plants
epidermal cell > epidermal tissue > leaf > transportation system > organism
in animals
epithelium cell > epithelium tissue > stomach > digestive system > (human) organism
Cell : Most cells inside an organism have specific functions.
Tissue : Cells with the same function combine to form a tissue
Organ : Diff tissues that work together to perform a specific function forms an organ.
System : A few organs with related functions that work together for a specific function forms a system.
Organism : all the systems work together to support an organism.
Systems in the Human body
Muscular system
helps in the movements of the body & inner organs
Integumenary system
Protects the body from dehydration and regulates body temperature
Nervous system
Carries information from the brain to the entire body in the form of impulse.
Digestive system
Breaks down complex food into simpler form so that it is more easily absorbed by the body.
Blood circulatory system
Carries oxygen ,nutrients & hormones to all parts of the body
Lymphatic system
Drains lymphatic fluid into blood vessels to protect the body from infections of bacteria,virus & others
respiratory system
absorbs oxygen & releases carbon dioxide from the body
Skeletal system
Supports the body & protects the inner organs such as the lung & heart.
endocrine system
produces hormones required to coordinate reactions in the body.
Excretory System
Removes excretory waste from the body
Reproductive system
Produces sperms & ovum to produce offspring