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Map 6 Nervous System - Coggle Diagram
Map 6 Nervous System
Drugs
Heroine:
when natural opiates activate opiate receptors, release of inhibitory neurotransmitters is shut down. Dopamine is released
Feelings of sedation and well being
Responsible for pain signals, stress, and emotional attachment
Ecstacy:
Halters the transporter. The transporter will do the job in reverse. Starts transporting serotonin out of cell. Excessive serotonin is trapped in synapse cleft. It binds again and again which overstimulates the cell.
Affects mood sleep, perception, and appetite. Stimulates a milder release of dopamine along the reward pathway giving ecstasy slightly addictive properties.
Marijuana:
Cannabinoid receptors turn off the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters. Dopamine can be released. THC mimics anandamide and binds to cannabinoid receptors. Inhibition is turned off, dopamine is allowed squirt into synapse.
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Methamphetamine:
Meth enters the dopamine vesicles forcing dopamine molecules out. The excess dopamine causes transporters to work in reverse, pumping dopamine out of cell and into the synapse. Dopamine is trapped in synaptic cleft. It binds again and again to receptors overstimulating the cell.
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Alcohol:
When it enters the brain it delivers a double sedative punch. Interacts with GABA receptors to make them inhibitory. Then it binds to glutamate receptors, it prevents the glutamate from exciting the cell.
Affects areas in the brain, involved with memory formation, decision making and impulse control
Cocaine:
Blokes transporters, leaving dopamine trapped in synaptic cleft
Active in brain that controls voluntary movements. Causes people to be figedy and unable to stay still
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Opiods:
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Taken by pill, patch, injection, snorting, or smoking
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Causes pinpoint pupils and a rush of warmth & pleasure. Followed by drousyness and clouded thinking.
Inhalents:
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Inpaire speech and judgement. It affects the brain with great force and speed. It causes hallucinations, confusion, brain damage, sudden death, and seizures.
MDMA:
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Cause of increase in energy and distortion in perception. Causes feelings of euphoria, and emotional connection to others. Muscle cramping, involuntary jaw clenching, chills, and sweating. It can cause panic attacks and seizures. Leads to heart and kidney failure.
Nicotine:
Smoking, inhaling, patch, chewing, or dipping
Has a calming affect. Intense cravings, trouble concentrating, irritability, sleep disturbances withdraw. Can lead to cancer, stroke, heart disease, COPD. Nicotine is an active substance in tobacco plants.
Psychedlics:
LSD, mushrooms, psilocybin,
Taken by swallowing, snorting, injecting, or smoking
Causes hallucinations. LSD made in lab. Intensifies sensations and emotions. You see, feel, hear things that aren't thee. Increased body temperature, heart rate and blood pressure. Loss of appetite, nausea, paranoia, and panic.
Dissociative Drug:
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Taken by swallowing, snorting, injecting, smoking
Causes hallucinations, distortion of perception. Feelings of detachment from body and surrounding. It causes seizures, fever or death. PCP causes people to act violent.
Cranial Nerves
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lX: Glossopharyneal Nerves : swallowing, taste
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Homeostatic Imbalance
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Hydrocephalus: obstruction blocks CSF circulation or drainage, results in increased pressure
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Higher Mental Functions
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- Sleep & Sleep-awake cycles
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Traumatic Brain Injuries
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Subdural or subarachnoid hemorage: pressure from blood can force brain stem through foramen magnum and result in death
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Neuroglia of CNS
functions:
-support and brace neurons
-play role in exchanges between capillaries and neurons
-guide migration of young neurons
-control chemical environment around neurons
- respond to nerve impulses and neurotransmitter
- influence neuronal functioning
- participate in info processing in brain
- small, avoid cells w thorny processes that touch and motor neurons
- migrate toward injured neurons
- transform to phagocytize microorganisms and neuronal debris
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processes wrap CNS nerve fibers, forming insulated myelin sheaths in thicker nerve fibers
Neurotransmitter
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Classify by
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Chemical Structure
Acetylcholine (ACh)
released at neuromuscular junction, degraded by enzyme acetylcholinesterase
Biogenic Amines
Catecholamines : Dopamine, norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine: made from amino acid fyrosin
Indolamines : Serotonin (made from amino acid trypotophan) and Histamine (made from amino acid histidine)
Amino Acids : make up all proteins, proven neurotransmitters
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Spinal Cord Traumas
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Paralysis: caused by damage to ventral roots or ventral horn cells
Leads to motor function loss
Two types: flaccid and spastic
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: destruction of ventral horn motor neurons and fibers of pyramidal tract
Loss of ability to speak, swallow, and breathe
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Functional Brain Systems
Limbic System
Function: emotion, pleasure, emotional responses to odors (<- skunks smell bad) Makes us consciously aware of emotional richness in our lives
Reticular Formation
Function: Keeps you aware and alert, helps control coarse limb movements
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Nerve Impulse
relaying of a signal from a nerve cell to an effector (a muscle cell, a gland cell or another nerve cell) in response to a stimulus,this signal is relayed along the axon of the nerve cell, bringing a message that instructs an effector to act