Chronic inflammation causes the continuous presence of cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), oncogenes, cyclooxgenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and the activation of essential transcription factors, such as nuclear factor.
Abnormal immune reactions to normal tissues, causing DNA damage
Successful cancer cells produce a variety of cytokines and chemokines that are chemoattractant for stromal cells that infiltrate the tumor.
The stromal reaction promotes tumor progression, including new blood vessel growth, tumor cell proliferation and differentiation, suppression of immune rejection and tumor cell apoptosis, invasion, and commitment to metastasis.