- THE MODERN STATE
Western Europe
Definition
New Political Organisation
Europe At The End Of 15th Century
Eastern Europe
Russian monarchy
Polish monarchy
Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
Selim I
Suleiman I the Magnificent
Mehmed II the Conqueror
Constantinople
a part of the Balkan Peninsula
Egypt
part of Arabia
Syria
subdued Hungary
he was stopped in Austria
northern Africa
unification with Lithuania
kingdom
covered extensive territories
weak
not very centralised
Russian monarchs
expanded its territories
Ivan IV the Terrible (16th century)
Ivan III the Great (15th century)
title of emperor
title of tsar
Weak feudal monarchy of the Middle Ages
During the transition European kingdoms adopted measures:
Main objectives of monarchs
Monarchs
reform and create new institutions
more resources
more powerful
control the power of the nobility
administrate the resources more effectively
consolidate their authority
maintain a strong position of power
strengthened bureaucracy
centralised power by creating new institutions
formed armies
established a court
for the new institutions
nobles couldn't form they own armies
created a diplomatic body
of mercenaries (paid soldiers)
subdue (defeat) the nobles who confronted them
capital of their kingdom
to function well
gradually increased
composed of officials
gradually reduced
effective control
supervised the kingdom's affairs
special legislations introduced in the Middle Ages
autonomy of the feudal lords
powerful authoritarian monarchy
Powerful monarchies in the Early Modern Age
Territories that form Italy and Germany
A result of the reforms
French
English
Portuguese
Russian
Spanish
economic or strategic importance
monarchies argued over their control
divided in small states during Early Modern Age
scene of numerous wars
French monarchy
English monarchy
Spanish monarchy
Portugal became part of it at the16th century
marriage of
In the 16th century Francis I fought against Carlos V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain
From 1562, France was involved in bloody religious wars.
Hundred Years' War, 1337-1453
Henry VIII confronted the Pope
16th century the Tudor Dynasty came to power
The Wars of the Roses, 1455-1487
Isabel I of Castilla
Ferdinand II of Aragón.
Elizabeth I defeated the Spanish king Felipe II
under Louis XI the Prudent'
Henry IV came to the throne and established the Bourbon Dynasty
The Small States Of Europe
Italy
Holy Roman Empire
The emperors weren't able to unify them
Kingdoms and independent territories
Flanders
Saxony
Burgundy
Austria
Switzerland and Bohemia
French and Spanish kings fought for the region
small principalities and republics
Florence
the Papal States
Venice
Naples
