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THE MODERN STATE, armt, govcerment, did-war-really-make-the-modern-state,…

- - - - expanded
        
        Mehmed II the Conqueror
        
        Constantinople
        
        big part of the Balkan peninsula
        
        Selim I
        
        Syria
        
        Egypt
        
        part of Arabia
        
        Suleiman I the Magnificent
        
        Hungary
        
        North Africa
    - - new territories
        
        Ivan III the Great
        
        15th century
        
        Ivan IV the Terrible
        
        16th century
      - monarchs
        
        tsar
        
        emperor
    - - unified with Lithuania
      - weak kingdom
        
        not very centralised
  - - - centre of Europe
        
        kingdoms
        
        independent territories
        
        Austria, Burgundy, Flanders, Saxony, Switzerland, Bohemia...
      - couldn't be unify
    - - small principalities and republics
        
        Venice, Florence, the Papal States and Naples
      - fights
        
        for the control of the regions
        
        between Spain and France
  - - - from a marriage
        
        Isabel I of Castilla
        
        Ferdinand III of Aragón
      - in the 16th century
        
        Portugal became part of it
    - - wars
        
        gained power after the Hundred Years
        
        Louis XI the Prudent
        
        16th century
        
        Francis I fought against Carlos V
        
        bloody religious wars
      - Bourbon Dynasty
        
        Henry IV
    - - consolidate
        
        after The War of the Roses
      - 16th century
        
        Tudor Dynasty
        
        Henry VIII confronted the Pope
        
        Elizabeth I defeated Felipe II
- - - - Spanish
        
        Castilla
        
        Aragón
      - Portuguese
        
        new trade routes
      - French
      - English
      - Russian
  - - - Italy
      - Germany
      - importance
        
        economically
        
        strategically
      - numerous wars
        
        powerful monarchies
        
        wanted their control
- - - - disposable wealth
      - commercial profits
      - higher production
    - - more resources
      - more powerful
        
        reform institutions
        
        create new ones
      - objectives
        
        consolidate their authority
        
        control nobility's power
        
        administrate the kingdom's resources
        
        be powerfullest than other monarchs
    - - Armies of mercenaries
        
        nobles
        
        were subdued
        
        prohibition of from armies
        
        diplomatic body
        
        alliances
      - Bureaucracy
        
        strengthened
        
        officials
        
        under control
        
        supervised the kingdom's affairs
        
        monarchs
        
        control of their possessions
      - Centralised power
        
        create new institutions
        
        increasing power
        
        feudal lords
        
        decrease
        
        autonomy
        
        legislation
      - Capital of the Kingdom
        
        concentrated power
        
        institutions
        
        function well