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Chapter 25 : Competency Based Training - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 25 : Competency Based Training
Definition
Standard to measure relevant capabilities relating to particular task or job
A person is trained and assessed to meet appropriate competencies(skills, knowledge and behaviours)
Each learner is assessed to find gap between skill they need and the skills they already have
Background of The competency Movement
Hay Mcber Model
mostly used by the American-based corporation
Beleived behaviour are the driving force of individual's ability to perform
Behavioural assessment or measurement becomes an important indicator in employee selection, development and rewards
Competency System developed principally in Australia, UK and Canada:
Beside behaviour, functional and role competencies are the other factors determining individual's ability
Usually start with task analysis which job are broken into single task, resulting in skill-based instruction and training
Competency-based education and training (CBET)
Competence-based education became primarily associated with behaviourism, mastery learning and modular teaching (Mulder 2004)
*Often seen in industry or company-specific certification programmes intended to demonstrate specific, standard competencies (Bound & Garrick 1999)
Historical Development
UK and Australia, competencep-based education has been implemented as national training reform agenda
National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) system is mechanistic, reductionist and denies the importance of human agencies
NVQ System, school-based learning is removed because of the claim that any theory-taught in college would be innert because active knowledge is necessarily constructed through performance in the workplace.
Australian Vocational Education and Training (VET) delivered by competency-based training (Smith 2010)
In Malaysia, Competency-based training could be traced back to pre-Malaysia days. The first application of competency-based training is through the National Apprenticeship Scheme which was introduced in Malaya 1957. However the scheme is not achieve the objective.The government later interested in competencies and adopted "developing a Curriculum Model DACUM)
Development of CBT and Assessment in Malaysia
Competencies was spearheaded by government through National Vocational Training Council (Now renamed as Department of skills Development ) which adopted DACUM Model
The Beginning
The National Apprenticeship Scheme was introduced in Malaya (1957) and administered by The Central Apprenticeship Board later by The National Industry Training and Trade Certification Board.
The Scheme provided systematic training based on trade standard was conducted by Industrial Training Institute (ITIs)
Development
*Vocational Education (late 1970) became a major component of Malaysia's education and straining system after independence in 1957.
*Arising of Vocational Education and Training (VET) System
*VET divided into three different system which are higher education, Technical and vocational education and skills training
*New National Occupational Skills Standard (NOSS) and certification system was introduced in December 1992, reinforcing the adoption of CBTA or CBEL principles in vocational training in the country
Malaysia later introduced National Dual Training System (NDTS) in 2005
The Progress
*New type of skilled workforce, known as Knowledge worker or K-workers
Future human capital has to increase the utilization of automation and mechanization technologies.
*Transforming the nation's economy to a knowledge-based economy (K-economy
*8MP stipulated education and training strategies would be aimed at producing student with broad-based knowledge
*9MP- National mission were presentedd that outlines the country''s priorities for the next 15 years
10MP will continue the 9MP with the support of New Economics Models
*National Skill Development Act 2006 was introduced the strengthen the skills stream in Malaysia
The way forward
Talent, skills, creativity and people or so called resources is the most important in nation development
*Restructuring Country's VET System
*The policies, development plans and legislative provisions were designed to enhance flexibility, productivity and competitiveness
Master Plan of Malaysian Occupational skills Development and Training (2008-2020)
*Human Capital is an important investment and lies at the core of innovation and a productive high income economy
*Emphasised on the Economics Transformation Plan