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Nervous System Elena Camacho Period 7 - Coggle Diagram
Nervous System
Elena Camacho Period 7
Major Aspects of Nervous System
Integration and Processing (Decision-Making)
Coordinates sensory information inside CNS.
Processing information is the basis for decision-making.
Motor Output (response)
Nerve Impulses (CNS) are conducted along motor neurons to effectors.
Effectors are muscles or glands that respond to decisions made in the CNS.
Sensory Input
Provided by Sensory Receptors, detects internal or external changes.
Information travels from receptors to sensory neurons, transports information to CNS.
Major Functions of Nervous System
Thinking
Movement
Internal Process of Physiology
Main Cell Types
Neurons (Function)
These cells communicate by electrical impulses with other neurons or other tissues.
Neuroglia (Function)
These cells help with supporting, nourishing, protecting, and insulating neurons. Don't generate or conduct nerve impulses. There are 4 types in the CNS and 2 types in the PNS.
Neurons (Structure)
Contains a cell body, tubular cytoplasm-filled dendrites and a tubular, cytoplasm-filled axon.
Dendrites conduct impulses toward the cell body. Short and branching, they provide the receptive surface for communication with other neurons.
There is only 1 axon in a neuron. The axon conducts impulses away from the cell body. It has a thick, extension from the cell body called the axon hillock.
Larger Axons are encased by a myelin sheath, they are called the myelinated fibers. Myelin sheaths increase conduction speed of nerve impulses. Narrow caps in the myelin sheath are called
nodes of Ranvier.
The cell body (soma) contains major organelles, including nucleus.
Neuroglia (Structure)
PNS Neuroglia
CNS Neuroglia
Microglia:
small cells
Neurotransmitters
Chemical messengers in a synapse, convey electrical impulses from neurons to another cell.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Made up of the brain and spinal cord.
Responsible for integration of information and decision-making.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Contain sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) divisions.
Somatic Nervous System:
controls voluntary skeletal muscles.
Autonomic Nervous System:
controls involuntary effectors (smooth, cardiac muscles and glands).
Made up of cranial and spinal nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body.
Classification of Neurons
Functional
Sensory (afferent) Neurons:
Conduct impulses from peripheral receptors to the CNS; usually unipolar, some bipolar.
Interneurons (association or internuncial neurons:
Multipolar neurons lying within CNS that forms links between other neurons; cell bodies of some interneurons aggregate in specialized masses called nuclei.
Motor (efferent) Neurons:
mutipolar neurons that conduct impulses from CNS to peripheral effectors (muscles or glands).
Structural
Multipolar Neurons:
have many dendrites, one axon arising from their cell bodies; most neurons with cell bodies in CNS (interneurons and motor neurons) are multipolar.
Bipolar Neurons:
Have 2 processes extension from cell body, a dendrite and an axon; found in special senses, such as eyes, ears, and nose.
Unipolar Neurons:
Have only 1 process extension from the cell body; outside the cell body, it splits into 2 parts that function as 1 axon.