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ACIDS AND BASES - Coggle Diagram
ACIDS AND BASES
The more reactive the metal, the faster the reaction will happen – very reactive metals react explosively.
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We can test to ensure it is definitely hydrogen present by the burning split test – if we hear a squeaky pop then hydrogen is present.
However this reaction does not take place for all metals as metals below hydrogen in the reactivity series (less reactive than hydrogen) will not be able to displace the hydrogen in the acid – if this is the case then no reaction will occur. (e.g. in copper)
Note: That if we use a weak acid there are going to be fewer hydrogen ions available to react with the metal and so the rate of reaction will be slower with a weak acid but faster with a stronger acid.
When metals react with carbonates such as calcium carbonate they form a salt, water and carbon dioxide. The co2 can be detected by bubbling the gas produced through lime water and seeing if it turns cloudy.
When metals react with carbonates such as calcium carbonate they form a salt, water and carbon dioxide. The co2 can be detected by bubbling the gas produced through lime water and seeing if it turns cloudy.
Acids have a pH of less than seven, bases have a pH of more than seven. When bases are dissolved in water they are known as alkalis.
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The pH scale is the measure of how many hydrogen ions are present in a solution. Lots of hydrogen ions means strong acid, few hydrogen ions mean weak acid/alkali. Universal indicator is a combination of dyes which can be dropped into a solution to find the pH. However the colour you see and how acidic/alkali you think it is depends on your perception of colour.
Using litmus paper; an acid will go red, an alkali will go blue.
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Reactions
all the alkali metals are very reactive , they have to be stored in oil ,
Alkalai metals also react vigourusly with non metaals such as chlorine gas.
when an acid reacts with a base , a neutralisation reaction occours
example of this is brushing teeth with toothpaste neutralises acids
alkalis are are a part of a larger class of compounds , called bases
bases are compounds that can neutralize acids.
alklis are those bases that are soluble in water such as they hydroxides of group 1 metals.
the elements in group one of the periodic table are called the alkali metals , their melting/boiling point decreases as we go down the group.
all metals react with water to produce hydrogen and an alkaline solution containing the metal hydroxide.
they form +1 irons in reactions to make ionic compounds