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Respiratory mycoses, Patrick R. Murray, K. S. (2021). Medical Microbiology…

- - - - Morphology
        
        Both varieties present thermal dimorphism
        
        Yeast forms have a thicker wall and a size between 8 and 15 μm
      - Yeast forms are thin-walled, oval, and between 2 and 4 μm
    - - Soil with high nitrogen content
    - - South America
      - Central America
      - Mexico
      - Southwestern United States
  - - - Antigen 92%Sensitivity
      - Microbiological culture 85% Sensitivity
      - Pathological anatomy 43% Sensitivity
      - Serology 71% Sensitivity
    - - Antigen 21% Sensitivity
      - Microbiological culture 85% Sensitivity
      - Pathological anatomy 17% Sensitivity
      - Serology 100% Sensitivity
    - - Antigen 39% Sensitivity
      - Microbiological culture 15% Sensitivity
      - Pathological anatomy 9% Sensitivity
      - Serology 98% Sensitivity
- - - - Multiple budding yeast
      - Thin to moderately thick wall
      - Steering wheel shape
    - - Probable association with soil
    - - South America and Central America
  - - - Laboratory samples
        
        Fluid from bronchoalveolar lavage, scraping or biopsy specimens of ulcers, drainage of pus from lymph nodes, CSF, or tissue
      - Staining methods
        
        Fluorescence with calcofluorine blank, H-E, GMS, PAS or Papanicolaou
    - - Antibodies: ID, FC (variable specificity; FC useful for monitoring response)
  - - - More common in children and immunosuppressed patients
- - - - Spherules (20-60 μm) containing endospores (2-4 μm)
    - - Soil, dust
    - - Southwestern United States
      - Mexico
      - Central America, and South America
    - - Spontaneously resolved flu-like process characterized by the presence of fever, cough, chest pain, and weight loss.
      - Asymptomatic lung infection (60%) in healthy people
      - Maculoerythematous rash, erythema multiforme, and erythema nodosum.(≈10%)
    - - Culture
        
        Sputum, BAL, tissue, CSF
      - Pathological anatomy
        
        Spherules (20-60 μm) containing endospores
      - Serology
        
        Antibodies: PT, FC, ID, APL (diagnostic and prognosis)
        
        Antigen: urine, CSF