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Nervous System Guangyuan Pan Period 2 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Carries information from sensory
        neuron to motor neuron
  - - - Carries instructions from brain or
        spinal cord out to effector
  - - - Carries information from receptor
        into brain or spinal cord
  - - - Responds to stimulation (or inhibition) by motor neuron and
        produces reflex or behavioral action
  - - - Senses specific type of internal or
        external change
- - - - Cerebrum is largest portion of the mature brain.
      - Consists of 2 cerebral hemispheres, which are mirror images.
      - frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes
      - Corpus callosum: flat bundle of nerve fibers that connects the
        hemispheres.
      - Functions
        
        Stores information for memory
        
        Integrates information for reasoning
        
        Initiating voluntary muscular movements
        
        Intelligence
        
        Interpretation of sensory input
        
        Personality
      - The surface of the brain is marked by these features
        
        Gyri (singular is gyrus): ridges
        
        Sulci (singular is sulcus): grooves
        
        Fissures (longitudinal and transverse): deep grooves
- - - - Controls voluntary skeletal muscles
    - - Controls involuntary effectors
- - - - PNS
        
        Schwann cells
        
        The myelin-producing neuroglia of the PNS
        
        Satellite cells
        
        Provide protective coating around cell bodies of
        neurons in the PNS
      - CNS
        
        Oligodendrocytes
        
        Form the myelin sheath around axons in the brain
        and spinal cord
        
        Ependymal cells
        
        Produce cerebrospinal fluid in CNS
        
        Microglia
        
        Small cells that function as phagocytes for bacterial cells
        and cellular debris, and produce scar tissue in sites of injury
        
        Astrocytes
        
        Lie between blood vessels and neurons
        
        Structural support
        
        Formation of the blood-brain barrier, which protects brain tissue from chemical fluctuation and prevents entry of many substances
- - - - Axon
      - Dendrite
- - - - Carry sensory information to the brain; descending tracts carry
        motor information from brain to muscles or glands
    - - Controlled by reflex arcs that pass through the spinal cord
    - - Transmit impulses to and from the brain, and to house spinal
        reflexes