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CNS Pathology - Coggle Diagram
CNS Pathology
Monro-Kellie doctrine: increased volume of one intracranial component must be accommodated by decrease in another
intracranial pressure normally 0-15 mmHg
cerebral perfusion pressure = arterial pressure - intracranial pressure
normally allows blood to move out of capillaries to supply nutrients/remove metabolites
space-occupying lesion (ICP increases)
as ICP increases, net flow out of capillaries decreases
if ICP ≥ arterial pressure, blood flow stops (fatal)
initially spatial compensation by decreasing CSF volume (if lesion is slow-growing)
at high pressures, small increase in volume = large increase in pressure
herniations
subfalcine (under falx cerebri)
transtentorial (through tentorium cerebelli)
blood supply to brainstem impaired
Duret haemorrhage
tonsillar (cerebellum through foramen magnum)
brain swelling
cerebral oedema
usually in white matter
vasogenic
- breakdown of BBB (extracellular)
cytotoxic
- impairment of Na/K pump (intracellular)
congestive brain swelling
vasodilation of capillaries/venules
hypercapnia or central neurogenic