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The Education of Students with Special Needs, Evidence-based…
The Education of Students with
Special Needs
UNDERSTANDING SPECIAL NEEDS
Heredity and environment influence the
special needs in individuals.
Hereditary factors include the genetic
history and make-up of a person.
Environmental factors affect the fetus after
conception or the child after birth.
THE NATURE OF SPECIAL NEEDS
A disability is any condition that prevents, delays or interferes with a child’s normal achievement and development. A disability may be classified as one of the following:
Physical
Educators who care for children with physical disabilities need to learn about each child's special needs .
Sensory
Educators who work with visually impaired children can aid their development in the many ways.
Educators who work with children who have hearing impairments need to be aware of each child’s individual needs.
Learning
A child with a
learning disability
may be unable to listen, think, speak, spell or do mathematical problems .
A l
earning disability
involves a disorder in understanding or using spoken or written language .
Strategies for Working with Disabled
Children
The following strategies are suggestions for working with
learning-disabled
children:
Multi-sensory training
Behavior modification
Task analysis
Developmental
Some goals for the care and education of children with
developmental disabilities
as follows ;
Increasing attention span
Learning self-help skills
Expanding language skills
Mastering basic concepts
Emotional / behavioral
Hyperactive-aggressive
Destruction of property
Inability to stay with a task or wait to be
rewarded
Defiant toward adults
Anxious-withdrawn
Excessive dependence on adults and peer
leaders
Fearfulness
Ability to be easily frustrated
Communication
Educators who care for children with
communication disorders
need to learn about each child’s special needs. The following guidelines apply to children with speech impairments:
Accept and reinforce all attempts by the child to use speech.
Be a good speech model
IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATORS
Completion of G/T supplemental certification test.
Additional hours annually of professional development.
In Texas, minimum of 30 hours of staff development that includes nature and needs of gifted/talented students, assessing student needs, and curriculum and instruction for gifted students.
Effective Instructional Practices for
Teaching Positive Behavior
Teacher provides verbal (or other) reinforcement for achieving academic goals and for meeting behavioral expectations .
Teacher refrains from using reprimand.
Classroom expectations are taught, reviewed and promoted throughout the school day
The classroom is arranged to minimize distractions.
Classroom expectations are clearly presented as related to school-wide rules.
Before a student is referred for a special education evaluation, documentation of clear and consistent behavior management interventions across the school and/or classroom must be made .
Providing documentation
Monitoring
Forming an intervention plan
Reviewing
Roles Of Special Needs Professionals
Arranging the environment
Assessment
Appreciation of individual differences
Encouraging cooperation
Encouraging independences
Encouraging positive interactions
Mainstreaming/Inclusion
Schedule planning
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES FOR CLASSROOMS
(Best practices in instructional strategies include the use of three types)
Small group instruction for a portion of the class.
Differentiated instruction for an individual student.
Direct instruction used for the entire class.
MODIFYING YOUR INSTRUCTION TO ACCOMMODATE THE SPECIAL NEEDS STUDENTS
(The developmental areas of importance
can include)
functional use of objects and symbolic play
pre-vocabulary/vocabulary
concept development
self-direction
attention and memory
Evidence-based Interventions
for Behavior