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Ethnographic Research - Coggle Diagram
Ethnographic Research
Types of Interview
Initial Interview
The main personal attributes required in interviews are the same as in other aspects of the investigation
Open Interview
The place where the interview is carried out, how it is graduated, the relationships that exist between the people involved and all the forms it takes, are so many decisive problems
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Structured Interviews
you need to make contact and make people feel comfortable. This means starting out nicely and not asking intimate or intimidating questions. A number of polite formulas can be used and presented in a pleasant manner
Field Identification
Intervening Dimensions
Field notes should include not only descriptions of what happens in a setting, but also a record of the researcher's feelings, interpretations, intuitions, preconceptions, and future areas of inquiry.
Spaces and Subjects
A detailed description of the setting and the position of the people within it provides important insights into the nature of the participants' activities, their patterns of interaction, their perspectives and ways of presenting themselves to others.
Various Records
Gestures, non-verbal communication, tone of voice and speed of speech of people help to interpret the meaning of their words
Formal Analysis
the tentative reflection, which takes place from the collection of data, which produces the most important apprehensions; it can vary in the degree of complexity. Some researchers record comments outside the transcript of their discussions with students and include them in the final report.
Category Construction
Rudimentary Empirical
the mass of data incorporated into field notes, transcripts, documents, must be ordered with a certain systematicity, generally through classification and categorization
Parallel Readings
they adopt the formulation of cultural symbols normally encoded in native terms that are discovered in field work and decoded in analysis. They are sometimes formulated by the researcher where various pieces of data or problems seem to have certain structural properties in common, but are never really expressed as such.
Diagnostic tests
The main emphasis has been placed on discovery rather than theory testing, but this does not include that the analysis is both guided by data collection and guides such collection.
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Observation Types
Kind of questions
Open questions
Advantage
Spontaneity of responses. No default structure is imposed. Source of relevant information is not known.
Coding is better controlled as it is not done in the field itself, but under the control of the supervisor
Disadvantages
Increased chances of bias due to interviewer, less control. It is difficult to achieve uniformity of criteria among the interviewers to record the response.
Risk that the interviewer expands too much (irrelevant information) or does not refer to what was asked
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General Observation
The results of a scientific investigation, whatever its branch of knowledge, must be presented in an absolutely clean and sincere way.
Participant observation
The most important method of ethnography is that of participant observation, which in practice tends to be a combination of methods, or rather a style of inquiry.
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Direct observation
Advantage
It is possible to record the behavior simultaneously with its attendance. There are no retrospective or anticipated elements
When the observer is not known there will be no reaction. That is, the subject does not influence the instrument or is influenced by it.
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Disadvantages
Selectivity problem, whether of observation or perception. Although it is also present in social surveys, here it can be better controlled
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