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Zitlaly Hernandez P7 Nervous System - Coggle Diagram
Zitlaly Hernandez P7 Nervous System
Major parts and functions of the brain
Cerebrum
- controls voluntary movement, speech, intelligence, memory, emotion, and sensory processing.
Cerebellum
- coordinates muscular activity.
Brainstem
- coordinates and regulates visceral activities, and connects different parts of the nervous system.
Diencephalon
- processes sensory input and controls many homeostatic processes.
Major parts and functions of the spinal cord
Spinal Cord
- begins at the base of the brain.
Cervical Enlargement
A thickened area near the top of the spinal cord.
Provides nerves to upper limbs.
Lumbar Enlargement
A thickened region near the bottom of the spinal cord.
Gives rise to nerves that serve the lower limbs.
Cauda Equina
Structure formed where spinal cord tapers to a point inferiorly.
Consists of spinal nerves in the lumbar & sacral areas.
Spinal Nerves
Cervical Plexuses (C1 - C4)
- lie on either side of the neck; supply muscles and skin of the neck; include the phrenic nerves, which control the diaphragm.
Brachial Plexuses (C5 - T1)
- arise from lower cervical and upper thoracic nerves; supply muscles and skin of arms, forearms, and hands; lead into the
upper limbs; include the musculocutaneous, ulnar, median, radial, and axillary nerves.
Lumbosacral Plexuses (L1 - S4)
- arise from the lower spinal cord; supply muscles and skin of the lower abdomen, external genitalia, buttocks, and
legs; include the obturator, femoral, and sciatic nerves.
Cranial Nerves
Olfactory (Sensory)
- Sensory fibers conduct impulses associated with the sense of smell.
Optic (Sensory)
- Sensory fibers conduct impulses associated with the sense of vision.
Oculomotor (Primarily motor)
- Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles that raise eyelids, move eyes, adjust the amount of light entering the eyes, and focus lenses.
Trochlear (Primarily motor)
- Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles that move the eyes. Some sensory fibers conduct impulses associated with the condition of muscles.
Abducens
(Primarily motor) - Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles that move the eyes. Some sensory fibers conduct impulses associated with the condition of muscles.
Facial (Mixed)
- Sensory fibers conduct impulses associated with taste receptors of the anterior tongue. Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles of facial expression, tear glands, and salivary glands.
Vestibulocochlear (Sensory)
Vestibular branch Sensory fibers conduct impulses associated with the sense of equilibrium.
Cochlear branch Sensory fibers conduct impulses associated with the sense of hearing.
Glossopharyngeal (Mixed)
- Sensory fibers conduct impulses from the pharynx, tonsils, posterior tongue, and carotid arteries.
Vagus (Mixed)
- Somatic motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles associated with speech and swallowing; autonomic motor fibers conduct impulses to the heart, smooth muscle, and glands in the thorax
and abdomen.Sensory fibers conduct impulses from the pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and viscera of the thorax and abdomen.
Accessory (Primarily motor)
Cranial branch Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx.
Spinal branch Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles of the neck and back.
Hypoglossal (Primarily motor)
- Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles that move the tongue.
Trigeminal (Mixed)
Ophthalmic division Sensory fibers conduct impulses from the surface of the eyes, tear glands, scalp, forehead, and upper eyelids.
Maxillary division Sensory fibers conduct impulses from the upper teeth, upper gum, upper lip,
lining of the palate, and skin of the face.
Mandibular division Sensory fibers conduct impulses from the skin of the jaw, lower teeth, lower
gum, and lower lip.
Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles of mastication and to muscles in the
floor of the mouth.
Major Functions of the nervous system
Sensory Function
Provided by sensory receptors, which detect internal or external changes.
Information travels from receptors to sensory neurons, which transport information into the CNS.
Integrative Function
Coordination of sensory information in the CNS.
Processing of this information is the basis for decision-making.
Motor Function
Nerve impulses (CNS) are conducted along motor neurons to effectors.
Effectors are muscles or glands that respond to decisions made in the
CNS.
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers in a synapse, that conveys an electrical impulse from a neuron to another cell.