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Miranda Torres Nervous System P.6 - Coggle Diagram
Miranda Torres
Nervous System
P.6
Major Functions of Nervous System
Nervous System Functions
: thinking, movement, internal
processes of physiology.
-Major Functions:
*Sensory Input = detect internal or external
changes.
*Integration and Processing(decision making) = Coordination of sensory info in CNS
*Motor Output(response) = Nerve impulses (CNS) made along motor neurons
Major Divisions & Subdivisions of Nervous System
-
Central Nervous System (CNS)
: brain & spinal cord; integration information and decision-making
Brain-
Spinal Cord
-
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
: cranial & spinal nerve that connect CNS to the rest of body
Tissues (structure&function of neurons and neuroglia)
Neurons
= cells that communicate by electrical impulses w/ other neurons or tissues
Function =
Neuroglia
= cells who support, nourish, protect, and wrap.cover Neuron
Functions= fill spaces, structurally support, protect, and insulate neurons.
Classifications of Neurons
Structural
Multipolar neurons
: many dentries & 1 axon arising from cell bodies most neurons w/ cell bodies in CNS are multi polar
Bipolar neurons
: 2 processes extending from the cell body, (dentrite&axon) found in some special senses like eyes nose and ears
Unipolar neurons
: 1 process extending out; on outside it breaks to 2 but functions as 1 axon. dendrites near a peripheral body
part
Functional
Sensory (afferent) neurons
: impulses from peripheral receptors to CNS usually unipolar some bipolar
Interneurons (association or internucial neurons)
: multipolar nurons between CNS who forms links between other neurons; cell bodies of some interneurons aggregate in nuclei
Connective Tissue Covering
Epineurium
: outer covering of nerve
Perineurium
: covering around fascicles (bundles) of nerve fibers
Endoneurium
: covering around individual nerve fibers (axons)
Major Parts&Functions of Brain
Brain
- is the largest & complex portion of the nervous system
-Major Functions-
Cerebrum
: largest portion, higher mental functions & sensory and motor functions
^Function- provides higher brain focus
Diencephalon
: processes sensory input and controls many homeostatic
processes
^Function- surrounds 3rd ventricle
Cerebellum
: coordinates muscular activity
^Function- maintains posture, make sure movement occurs, coordinates skeletal muscle,
Brainstem
: coordinates®ulates visceral activities & connects diff parts of nervous system
^Functions- connects cerebrum diencephalon & cerebellum to
spinal cord
Major Parts&Functions of Spinal Cord
Spinal Cord
: base of brain
Cervical Enlargement
: thickened area near top of SC; nerves to upper limbs
Lumbar Enlargment
: thickened part near bottom of SC; rise to nerves that serve lower limbs
Cauda Equina (horse's tail)
: where spinal cord tapers to a point inferiorly; has spinal nerves in the lumbar & sacral areas
Major functions
: transmit impulses to and from the brain, and to house spinal
reflexes.
Action Potential & Nerve Impulse
Action potentia
: l starts at its resting potential, goes up to depolorization (- to + in a neuron), goes down to repolorization (resting stage -70 mV) then low to hyperpolorization (end of repolorization, slide overshoot) lasty back to its resting potential resestablished.
Nerve Impulse
:
Cranial Nerves
*Twelve pairs of cranial nerves go up from underside of
brain.
Most are mixed w/ sensory & motor fibers
Some are only sensory and others are primarily motor
Spinal Nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves come up from spinal cord.
*All but except first pair are mixed
8 pairs of cervical nerve, 12 of thoracic nerves, 5 of lumbar nerves, 5 of sacral nerves, and 1 of coccygeal nerves
Neurotransmitters
chemical messengers in synapse who
convey electrical impulse from a neuron to another cell.
Include: acetylcholine, amino acids,
neuropeptides.
Compare&Contrast the Autonomic Nervous System(
Sympathetic Division
: active in conditions of stress or emergency (fight or flight)
Parasympathetic
: active under normal restful conditions (rest or digest)
Reflex Arc (major parts&functions)
Receptor
: senses specific type of internal or external change
Sensory Neuron
: carries info from receptor into brain or spinal cord
Interneuron
: carries info from sensory neuron to motor neuron
Motor Neuron
: carries instructions from brain or spinal cord to effector
Effector
: responds to stimulation by motor neuron & produces reflex or behavioral action