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Marvelyn Breceda 6th period Nervous System - Coggle Diagram
Marvelyn Breceda 6th period Nervous System
Cranial Nerves :check:
most are mixed nerves that contain sensory , motor nerve fibers some are only sensory
some are primarily motor
Twelve pairs of cranial nerves arise from underside of brain
first pair arises from cerebrum
second pair from thalamus
most arise from brainstem
Action Potential and the Nerve impulses
Action potential occurs when charge reacts -55
Action potential reached cell responds by returning to resting potential
Action Potential occurs or does not
Nerve Impulses
motor nueron
carries command to effector
Inteneuron
In the CNS ( refelex center)
Nerve Impulses travel are neural pathways
sensory nueron
carries information from a receptor towards CNS
Neurotransmitters :check:
action depends on type of receptors in a specific synapse
some neurons produce some type of nurotransmitter
they include acetycholine,amino acids, and neuropeptides
others produce two or 3
there are more than 100
Classifications of neurons :check:
interneuorons (association or internuncial neurons)
multipolar neurons lying withn CNS form a link between other nuerons
Motor (efferent) nuerons
multipolar
multipolar neurons conduct impulses from CNS to peripheral effectors (muscle or glands)
Sensory (affernt) neurons
conduct impulses from peripheral receptors to the CNS; usually unipolar , some are bipolar
Major parts and functions of the brain :
Initiating voluntary muscular movements
Stores information for memory
Interpretation of sensory input
Intelligence and personality
Auditory area
posterior temporal lobe
Taste area
Base of central sulcus and insula
Visual area
Posterior occipital lobe
Smell area
Deep in temporal lobe
Cutaneous Senses
Anterior parietal lobe
connective tissue covering :check:
Perineurium
coverings around fascicles (bundles) of nerve fiber
Epineurium
outer covering of a nerve
Endoneurium
covering around individual nerve fibers(axon)
Major parts and function of the spinal cord :check:
Ascending tracts
Carry sensory information to the brain; descending tracts carry motor information from the brain to muscles or glands
Spinal reflexes
Controlled by reflex pass through spinal cord
Transmit impulses to and from the brain to house spinal reflexes
Major function
relax arc :check:
interneuron
carries information from sensory neurons to motor neuron
motor neuron
carries instructions from the brain or spinal cord out to effectors
sensory neuron
carries information from receptors into brain or spinal cord
effectors
responds to simulation by motor neuron and produces reflex or behavioral action
Receptors
senses specific type of internal or external change
receptor
central nervous system
effector (muscle or glands)
compare and contrast the autonomic nervous system :check:
prepares body to strenuous activity
controls heart rate, breathing rate blood pressure, and body tempurture
helps maintain homeostasis, responds to emotional stress
sympathetic division
active in condition stress or emergency (flight or fight)
controls visceral motor functions of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
parasympathetic division
active under normal, restful conditions ( rest and digest)
portion of the PNS that functions constantly and independently without conscious effort
Tissues :check:
Structures of neurons
Mulptipolar neurons
Have many dendrites and one axon arising from their cell bodies
Bipolar neurons
have 2 processes extending from the cell bodies , a dendrite and an axon; found in special senses eyes, nose, and ears
Unipolar neurons
have 2 process extending from cell body ; outside cell body it splits into 2 parts that functions as 1 axon
Function of neuroglia
structually support
fill spaces
protect
insulate neurons
Function of neurons
axon conducts impulses away from cell bodies
dendrites conducts toward the body
Neurons are myelin sheath
only 1 axon in each nueron
Structure of neurogila
satellite cells
provide protective coating around cell bodies of nuerons in the PNS
schawnn cells
the mylin producing neurogila
Major divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system :check:
The peripheral nervous system
sensory (afferent)
Motor( efferent)
made up of cranial and nerves that connect to CNS to the rest of the body
The central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
responsible for integration of information and decision making
Spinal Nerves :check:
all except the first pair are mixed nerves
8 pairs of cervical nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves
12 pairs of thoracic nerves
5 pairs of lumbar nerves
arise from two roots - sensory dorsal root , motor ventral root
ventral root/dorsal root unite to form a spinal nerve extends out of vertebral canal
5 pairs of sacral nerves
dorsal root contains dorsal root ganglion
2 pair of coccygeal nerves
Major functions of the nervous system :check:
Integration and processing( decision making)
Motor output(response)
Sensory input
Thinking
movement
internal process of physiology