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Concept map 06 Nervous Jocelyn Escandon . 11/29/21 period 6th - Coggle…
Concept map 06 Nervous Jocelyn Escandon . 11/29/21 period 6th
classisifcation of neurons
Multipolar neurons - have many dendrites and one axon arising from their cell bodies; most neurons with cells bodies in Cns
Bipolar neurns have 2 processes extending from cell body and dendrite and an axon ; fond in some of the special senses , suchs as the eyes , nose , and ears
unipolar neurons have only 1 processextednding from the cell body ; outisde the cell body . when it splirs into 2 parts that as 1 axon ; the peripheral process has dendrites near a periphearal body
Reflex arc (major parts & functions)
sensory neruon - dendrite , cell ,body , and axon of a sensery neuron . It's function is it carrries infromathing from receptor into brain or spinal cord
internueron - dendrute cell body andaxon of a neuron within the brai or spinal cord . it's function is it carrie information from sensory nueron to motor neuron
motor neruon - dendrite cell body and axon of a motor nueron . it's function is it carries intrusctions from brian or spinal cord out to effector.
Receptor - end of a dendrie or a specialized receptor cell in a sensory organ . It's function is it senses specitfic type of internal or external change
Effetor - muscle or gland . its function is it responds ti stimulation by motor neuron and produces relfex or behavioral action
major funtions of the nervous system
Sensory- provided by sensory receptors , indtect internal or extrenal changes . information trevels from receptors to sensory neurons , transport infomathing unto the CNS
integrative - coorfination of sensory information in the CNS . Processing of this infromation is the basis fro decsion-making
motor - nrve umpulses are coducted along moto buerons to effectors . Effectors are mscles or glands that respond to decisions made in the CNS
major parts ad functions of the brain
Cerebrum - the largest partof the brain and is composed of right and left hemushperes. fills up most of your skull . it is invloved in remembering , problem solivg , thinking , and feeling , it also controls movment.
Cerebellum - sits at ht eback of your head , located under the cerebrum . It controls coordination and balence.
Brian stem - sis beneth your cerebrum in front of your cerebellum . it connects the brai to the spinal cord and controls automati functions such as breathing , digestion , heart rate and blood pressure
major parts and functions of the spinal cord
cervical enlargment -thick area near top of the spninal cord . It provides nerves to upper limps
Lumbar enlargement - Thick region near the bottom of the spinal cord . Gives a rise to nerves that serve the lower limbs
cauda equina - structutre formed where spinal cord tapers to a piont inferiorly . Consists of spinal nerves in the munbar and sacral areas
major funstions - transmit impulses to and from the brain and to house spinal reflexes
ascnding tracts carries sensory infromation to the brain ; desdending tracts carry motor infromation from brain to muscles or galnds
spinal relexes controlled by relexes arcs that pass through the spinal cord.
major divisions and subdivision of the nervous system
centreal nervous system (CNS) - made up of the brain and spinal cord . Responsible for integration of infromation and decision-making
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - made up of cranial and nerves that connects the CNS to the rst of the body
contains sensory (Afferent ) and motor (efferent ) divisions .
Motor functions -
somatic nervous system - controls voluntary effectors ( smooth and cardia muscles and glands )
Tissues ( structure and function of nerurons and neuroglia )
Neuroglia - cells that support neurons .It;s function is that fills spaces , structurally support , prtectand insulate neurons
Microglia - small cells that functuon as phagocytes fro bacterial cells.
oligodendrocytes - form the myelin sheath around axons in the brain and spinal cord
ependymal cells - produce cerebrospinal fluid in CNS
connective tissues coverings
epimysium - fibrous tissue envelope tha surrounds skeletal muscle . layer of dense irregular connective tissue . protects the entire muscle from friction against other muscles and bones
Perimysium - the connective tissue support surronding each fiber bublde within the muscle belly
endonmysium - A delicate network of connective tissue , surround the individual muscle fibers and contans the vessels and the nerve that supply the muscles fiber
action potential and nerve impulse
an electrail charge that travels along th memebrane of a nueron . it depolariation , overshoot, and repolarization
cranial nerve
olfactory nerve -A solely sensory nerve and conveys the sense of smell
optic nerve -located in the back of the eye
Oculomotor nerve - The third craniel nerve . allows movement of the te eye muscles .
trochlear - eye movemnet
Facial - facial movements
spinal nerves
cervical - protecting the spinal cord . supporting the head and its movement . facilitatjng flow of blood to the brain
Thoracic - has 12 nerve roots . bundel of nerves it controls the rib cage , lungs , diaphragm and muscles
lumbar - located in the lower back . formed by vertebral bones
sacral - located below the lumbar spine and obve the tail bone known as the coccyx.
neurotransmitters
They are the molcules used by the nervous system to transit messages between neruons . or from neruons to muscles
acetylcholine- controls skelletal muscle actions
more tha 100 neurotransmitter
monoamines - create a snese of feeling good ; low levels may lead to depression
dopamine - Creates a sense of feeling good; deficiency in some brain areas is associated
with Parkinson disease.
serotonin -Primarily inhibitory; leads to sleepiness; action is blocked by LSD, enhanced by
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drugs (SSRIs).
histamine - release in hypthalamus promotes alertness.
compare and contrast the utonomic and somatic nervous sytem
The somatic nervous sytem is part with the activities tradionly thought as conscious or voluntary
The autonomic nervous sste controls our internal organs and glands and is generally considered to be outisde the realm of voluntary control