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A&P Concept map: Nervous System (Karen B. Ramos P.2) - Coggle Diagram
A&P Concept map: Nervous System (Karen B. Ramos P.2)
major divisions and subdivision of the nervous system:
central nervous system:
brain and spinal cord
peripheral:
cranial nerves arising from brain and brainstem
subdivisions:
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):
A
. cranial nerves arising from brain and brainstem
Central Nervous System (CNS):
A
. brain
B
. spinal cord
classification of neurons:
sensory neurons:
conduct imbulses from peripheral receptors to ANS
inter neurons:
multipolar neurons that lay within unipolar, some are bipolar
unipolar neurons:
outside cell bodies split into 2 and work as 1 part. only 1 process extending from cell body. cell bodies are found in ganglia outside of cns know of sensory neurons
motor neurons:
effectors (muscles or glands).
bipolar neurons:
2 processed extending from cell body
multipolar neurons
most neurons with cell bodies are multipolar in CNS
compare and contrast automatic nervous system:
both are motor functions
automatic nervous system:
controls involuntary effectors (smooth and cardiac muscles and glands).
somatic nervous system:
controls voluntary skeletal muscles
cranial nerves:
12 pairs
most are mixed nerves
first pair arises from cerebrum and second pair from thalamus
12 pairs are assigned by number and name which are in order in superior and inferior
major part and functions of the brain:
cerebrum
: largest portion or brain (big brain) associated with high mental functions and sensory and motor functions.
cerebellum:
coordinates with muscle activity (little brain).
diencephalon:
processes sensory input & controls many homeostatic
brainstem
: coordinates and regulates visceral activities and connects different parts of nervous system.(brain stem leads to spinal cord).
major parts and functions of the spinal cord:
lumbar enlargement:
thickened region hear bottom of spinal cord and gives rise to nerves that serve lower limbs
cauda equnia (horse tail):
structure formed where spinal cord tapers point interiory and consists of spinal nerves in lumbar and sacral areas.
cervical enlargement:
thickened area hear top of sound cord and provides nerves to upper limbs
neurotransmitters:
more than 100 neurotransmitters. Invade acetylcholine, amino acids, neuropeptides. The action of neurotransmitters depends on the type of receptors in specific synapse. One neuron produces one type of neurotransmitters while other produce 20 or more.
reflex arc (major parts and functions):
sensory neuron:
carries information from receptor into brain or spinal cord.
inter neuron:
carries interaction from sensory neuron to motor neuron.
receptor:
senses specific type of internal or external change.
motor neuron:
carries instructions from brain or spinal cord out to effector
effector:
responds to stimulation (or inhibition) by motor neuron & production reflex or behavioral actions
tissues:
neuroglia:
cells that support. nourish, protect, and insulate neurons.
neurons:
communication cells, that communicate via electrical impulses with other neuron or other tissues.
neurotransmitters:
chemical messengers in synapse, convey an electrical impulse torn neurons to another cell.
connective tissue coverings:
perineurium:
covers around fascicles (bundles) of nerve fibers
endoneurium:
covering around individual nerve fibers (axons)
epineurium:
outer coverings of a nerve
action potential and nerve impulse:
action potential:
action potential occurs or doesn't, if it does occur it only occurs in a charge of -55mv. action potential of neurons are all the same.
nerve impulse:
saltatory conduction:
occurs in myelinated axons, myeline sheath insulates axons form ion movement across cell membranes, impulses "jump" from node of ranvier to next, since sodium and potassium channels occur only at nodes.
impulse conduction:
continuous conduction:
occurs in unmyelinated axon, conducts impulses sequentially over time entire length of membrane
spinal nerves:
31 pairs
cervical ( 8 pairs)
thoracic nerves (12 pairs)
lumbar nerves (5 pairs)
coceygeal nerve (8 pairs)
sacral nerves (5 pairs)
all are mix except the first pair
grounded according to level from where they arise
numbered in sequence
major functions of the nervous system:
communication
movement
thinking