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Destiny Quinteros, Per.2 Nervous System - Coggle Diagram

- - - - nerves that connect the CNS to body parts
      - cranial nerves arising from brain
      - spinal nerves arising from spinal cord
      - sensory and motor divisions
    - - - Two parts
      - Somatic nerves system
        
        Connects CNS to skeleton muscles & skin
        
        Oversees conscious activities
      - Automatic nervous system
        
        Connects CNS to viscera
        
        Controls subconscious activities
- - - - Cell Body
        
        Soma
        
        Contains: major organells including nucleus
      - Dentrites
        
        Conducts: impulses toward cell body
        
        appearance: short, branching
        
        Provide: receptive surface for communication with other neurons
      - Axon
        
        Conducts: impulses away from cell body
        
        arises from a thickening extending from cell body > axon hillock
        
        Only one axon in each neuron
    - - transmit information from and to other neurons, muscles, or glands
      - receive information
  - - - 4 types
        
        - Microglia
        
        small cells o-shaped, *function as phagocytes for bactirial cells & celluar debris
        
        Produces: scar tissue in sites of injury
        
        - Oligodendrocytes
        
        Form: myelin sheath around axons in brain and spinal cord
        
        - Ependymal calls
        
        Produces: cerebro spinal fluid (CNS)
        
        - Astrocytes
        
        Location: between blood vessels & neurons
        
        Functions: structural support, formation of blood-brain barrier
        
        Protects brain tissue from chemical fluctuation & prevents entry of many substances
    - - fills spaces
      - protection
      - insulates neurons
      - structurally support
- - - - multipolar neurons conduct impulses from CNS to peripheral effectors (muscles or glands)
      - Commands
      - Output
    - - Multi-polar neurons lying within CNS from links between other neurons
      - Cell bodies of some inter-neurons aggregate in specialized masses called nuclei
    - - Conducts: impulses from peripheral receptors to CNS
      - Usually: uni-polar, might be bi-polar
      - Input
- - - - Coordinates & regulates visceral activities
      - Connects different parts of nervous system
    - - Higher mental function & sensory & motor functions
      - Largest portion of brain
      - Holds all 4 lobes
    - - Smallest part of brain
      - Coordinates muscle activity
    - - controls homeostatic process
      - Processes sensory input
  - - - high intelligence & memorization
    - - processing somatosensory information from the body
    - - understanding visual patterns & images with other sensory information
    - - The five senses
        
        Hearing
        
        Smell
        
        Speech
        
        touch
        
        Taste
- - - - carry sensory information to brain
    - - carry motor information from brain to muscles or glands
    - - Controlled by reflex arcs that pass through spinal cord
- - - - the charge in a cell when it is at rest;
        this is about -70 mV in neurons.
    - - change from negative to positive charge inside neuron
    - - action potential is reached, cell responds by returning to resting
        potential (-70 mV)
    - - end of repolarization, a slight overshoot back to -70mV
    - - returning to resting potential (-70 mV)
  - - - one at a time
      - occurs in unmyelinated axons
      - Conducts impulse sequesntially over entire length of their membrane
      - slower pace
    - - hopping on to the other "jump"
      - faster pace
      - occurs onm myelinated axons
      - myelin shenth insulates axons from ion movement across cell membrane
      - impulses jump"from one Node of Ranvier to next, since sodium & potassium channels occur only at nodes
- - - - Type: sensory
      - Fibers conduct impulses associated with the sense of smell
    - - Type: sensory
      - Fibers conduct impulses associated with the sense of vision
    - - Type: Primarily Motor
      - Fibers conduct impulses to muscles that raise eyelid, move eyes adjust the amount of light entering the eyes, & focuses lens
      - *some sensory fivers conduct impulses associated with the condition of muscles
    - - Type: Primarily Motor
      - Fibers conduct impulses to muscles to move the eyes
      - *some sensory fibers conduct impulses associated with the condition of muscles
    - - Type: Mixed
      - - Ophthalmic division
        
        Sensory fibers conduct impulses from the surface of eyes, tear glands, scalp, forehead, & upper eyelids
      - - Maxillary division
        
        Sensory fibers conduct impulses from upper teeth, upper gum, upper lip, lining of palate, & skin of face.
      - - Mandibular division
        
        Sensory fibers conduct impulses from skin of the jaw, lower teeth, lower gum, & lower lip
        
        Motor conduct impulses to muscles of mastication & to muscles in the floor of mouth
    - - Type: Sensory
      - - Vestibular branch
        
        Sensory fibers conduct impulses associated with sense of equilibrium
      - - Cochlear branch
        
        Sensory fibers conduct impulses associated with sense of hearing
    - - Type: mixed
      - Sensory fibers conduct impulses associated with taste receptors of anterior tongue
      - Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles of facial expression, tear glands, & salivary glands
    - - Type: Primarily Motor
      - Fibers conduct impulses to muscles that move eyes
      - *some sensory fibers conduct impulses associated with conduct of muscles
    - - Type: Mixed
      - Sensory fibers conduct impulses from pharynx, tonsils,posterior tongue, & carotid arteries
      - Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles of the pharynx used in swallowing and to salivary glands
    - - Type: Mixed
      - Somatic motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles associated with speech & swallowing
      - Autonomic motor fibers conduct impulses to heart, smooth muscle, & glands in thorax & abdomen
    - - Type: Primarily Motor
      - - Cranial branch
        
        Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles of soft palate, pharynx, & larynx
      - - Spinal branch
        
        Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles of neck & back
    - - Type: Primarily Motor
      - Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles that move tongue
- - - - Each dorsal root contains a dorsal root ganglion
      - Housing cell bodies of sensory neurons entering spinal cord
      - Ventral root & dorsal root unite to form a spinal nerve
      - Extends out of vertebral canal though intervertebral foramen