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Nervous System Matillda Garcia P.2 - Coggle Diagram
Nervous System Matillda Garcia P.2
Major Functions
ANS
controls visceral motor functions of smooth muscle, cardiac muscles and glands
Responds to emotional stress, maintains homeostasis and prepares body for tough activities
controls heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate and body temp
PNS
contains sensory and motor divisions
controlling, regulatory and communicating system of body
major parts and functions of brain
cerebrum
largest part of brain
coordinates movement and regulates temperature
other areas of brain control other aspects
temporal lobe
responsible for auditory
frontal lobe
responsible for movement and language
occipital lobe
responsible for vision
parietal lobe
processes sensory information
touch, taste and temp
cerebellum
between cerebrum and brain stem
controls balane for walking and standing
brainstem
regulates heart rate, breathing, sleeping and eating
has three parts
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
compare & contrast: Autonomic Nervous system
somatic
part of PNS
regulates voluntary movements
sensory and motor pathways
autonomic
rwgulates functions for heart, stomach, lungs and intestines
part of PNS
only motor pathways
major divisions and subdivisions
CNS
Brain
Spinal Cord
PNS
cranial nerves arising from brain
sensory fibers connect peripheral sensory receptors to CNS
somatic fibers connect to skin and skeletal muscles
Autonomic fibers connect to viscera
spinal nerves arising from Spinal cord
sensory fibers connect peripheral sensory receptors to CNS
somatic fibers connect to skin and skeletal muscles
Autonomic fibers connect to viscera
connective tissue covering
epimysium
fibrous tissue that surround skeletal muscle
dense irregular connective tissue
protects muscles from friction against other bones and muscles
perimysium
groups muscle fibers into bundles
transmits side movement
connective tissue
endomysium
allows muscle to contract
separates muscles from tissue and organs to allow muscles to move independently
has no blood vessel
surrounds skeletal muscles and cells
classification of neurons
multipolar
three or more processes that extend out from body cell
found in CNS and PNS
bipolar
only two processes that extend in opposite directions of cell body
axon and dendrite
rare but found in olfactory system
unipolar
single, short process, extend from cell body
branches into two or more processes in opposite directions
peripheral extends peripherally and central process extends toward CNS
primarily found in PNS
cranial nerves
olfactory nerve
sends sensory to brain from smells
optic nerve
nerve for vision
Oculomotor nerve
muscle function for eyes and pupil function
Trochlear nerve
responsible for downward, outward, and inward eye movements.
Trigeminal nerve
has both sensory and motor functions.
also the largest cranial nerve
Abducens nerve
associated with eye movement such as outward eye movement.
Facial nerve
moves muscles for facial expressions, provides sense of taste for some of your tongue, provide salivary glands and tear-producing glands
Vestibulocochlear nerve
associated with sensory function such as hearing and balance
glossopharyngeal nerve
sense of taste for back of tongue, voluntary movement for muscle in the back of throat
vagus nerve
allows motor control for throat, stimulates organs to digest food, sense of taste for root of your tongue,
Accessory nerve
controls muscles in your neck and allows you to extend, rotate and flex shoulders and neck
Hypoglossal nerve
responsible for most movement in your tongue
action potential and nerve impulse
action potential sends information down an axon
stages of action potential
depolarization
overshoot
repolarization
nerve impulse is a nerve cell communicating with another nerve cell
spinal nerves
total of 31 spinal nerves
each control motor, sensory and autonomic functions between the spinal cord and the body
Neurotransmitters
chemical messengers
transmits messages between neurons
can also transmit messages from neuron to a muscle
reflex arc
controls our reflexes
protects body from things that can harm it
example: causes you to pull back from flame so you won't burn yourself
structure of reflex arc
sensory receptor
sensory neuron
integration center
motor neuron
effector target
major parts and functions of spinal cord
receives sensory information
sends messages to the brain for processing
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
Tissues
neuroglia
delicate connective tissue that supports and bonds elements of the CNS
maintain homeostatic control
found in CNS and PNS
provides structural support for nerves
formation of blood-brain barrier
neurons
three main parts are dendrites, an axon and a cell body or soma
transmits signals throughout the body
dendrites receive signals
disorders associated with nervous system
Alzheimer's disease
Epilepsy
Parkinson's disease.
stroke
seizures
Bell's Palsy
Cerebral Palsy