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Nervous System Per:2 Kaylee Lopez - Coggle Diagram
Nervous System Per:2 Kaylee Lopez
Major Functions of the Nervous System
The nervous system is the major controlling, regulatory, and communicating system in the body. It is the center of all mental activity including thought, learning, and memory. Together with the endocrine system, the nervous system is responsible for regulating and maintaining homeostasis.
Tissues (structure & functions of neurons & neurogila
Neurons
:Nervous system cells are called neurons. They have three distinct parts, including a cell body, axon, and dendrites. These parts help them to send and receive chemical and electrical signals.
Neurogila
:Glia, also called glial cells or neuroglia, are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system that do not produce electrical impulses. They maintain homeostasis, form myelin in the peripheral nervous system, and provide support and protection for neurons.
Classification of Neurons
Anaxonic
: Anaxonic neurons have more than two processes, and they may all be dendrites; axons are not obvious.
Bipolar Neurons
: Bipolar neurons have two processes separated by the cell body
Unipolar
: Unipolar neurons have a single elongate process, with the cell body situated off to the side.
Multipolar
: Multipolar neurons have more than two processes; there is a single axon and multiple dendrites.
Connective Tissue Coverings
Endoneurium
: Wrapping of each nerve fibers
Perineurium
: Surrounds group of nerve fibers forming a fascicle.
Epineurium
: Covering of entire nerve (dura matter blends into it at intervetebral foramen
Major parts and functions of the brain
Frontal Lobe
: Problem solving, emotional traits, reasoning, speaking, voluntary motor activity
Temporal Lobe
: Understanding language, behavior, memory, and hearing.
Brian Stem
: Breathing, body temperture, digestion, sleep, and swallowing
Parietal Lobe
: Sensation, reading, and body orientation
Occipital Lobe
: Vision and color perceptation
Cerebellum
: Balance, coordination and control of voluntary movement, and fine muscle control.
Major parts and functions of the spinal cord
-Motor Functions - directs your body's voluntary muscle movements.
-Sensory Functions – monitors sensation of touch, pressure, temperature and pain.
-Autonomic Functions – regulates digestion, urination, body temperature, heart rate, and dilation/contraction of blood vessels (blood pressure).
Actions potential & the Nerve Impluse
An action potential, also called a nerve impulse, is an electrical charge that travels along the membrane of a neuron. It can be generated when a neuron's membrane potential is changed by chemical signals from a nearby cell.
Cranial nerves
Olafactory
: Smell
Oculomotor
: Eye movement and pupil reflex
Trigeminal
: Sensory, face, sinuses, teeth, and jaw muscles
Facial
: Face movement and taste
Glossopharyngeal
: Muscle of the throat, larynx, and taste.
Spinal Accessory
: Muscles of the neck and upper back
Optic
: Vision
Trochlear
: Eye movement
Vagus
: Internal organs
Hypoglossal
: Tongue movement.
Trochlear
: Eye movement
Abucens
: Eye movement
Auditory
: Hearing and balance
Spinal Nerves
8 Cervical
: Cervical spinal nerves, also called cervical nerves, provide functional control and sensation to different parts of the body
12 Thoracic
: It helps control the rib cage, lungs, diaphragm and muscles that help you breathe.
5 Lumbar
: These nerves also control movements of the hip and knee muscles.
5 Sarcal
:Sacral nerves are the five pairs of spinal nerves which exit the sacrum at the lower end of the vertebral column.
1 Coccygeal
: coccygeal spinal nerves are spinal nerves emerging from the coccygeal region of the spinal cord, and to the corresponding vertebra.
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters
are chemical messengers in the body. Their job is to transmit signals from nerve cells to target cells.
Compare & contrast the autonomic nervous system
The two systems are evident in the responses that each produces. The somatic nervous system causes contraction of skeletal muscles. The autonomic nervous system controls cardiac and smooth muscle, as well as glandular tissue.
Reflex arc (major parts & functions)
Sensory Receptor
: Sensory neuron sends electrical impulses to a relay neuron, which is located in the spinal cord of the CNS.
Sensory Neuron
: sensory neurons (or receptors) that receive stimulation and in turn connect to other nerve cells that activate muscle cells (or effectors)
Integration Center
: An integrating center, the point at which the neurons that compose the gray matter of the spinal cord or brainstem synapse.
Motor Neuron
: motor neuron carries efferent impulses to the effector, which produces the response.
Effector Target
: Effector produces a response (muscle contracts to move hand away).