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Nervous System Miranda Munoz P. 2 - Coggle Diagram
Nervous System Miranda Munoz P. 2
Major Functions
Sensory Input:
sensory nerves and information in CNS; travels from receptors
Integration and Processing:
Mixed nerves ; nerve impulses along motor neurons; decision making
Motor Output:
contain motor nerves impulse to neurons
Major Divisions
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
- associated with voluntary movements in the body; used with skeletal muscles
Automatic Nervous System
- functions independently without consciousness; maintains homeostasis; responds to emotion; controls heart rate, blood pressure, breathing and temperature.
Tissues (Structure & Function of Neurons/Neuroglia)
Microglia
- cells function as phagocytes for bacterial cells & cellular debris; produce scar tissue
Oligodendrocytes
- form myelin sheath around axons in spinal cord & brain
Ependymal Cells
- produce cerebrospinal fluid in CNS
Astrocytes
- structural support; blood brain barrier
Shwan Cells
- myelin producing neuroglia in PNS
Satellite cells
- provide protective coating around cell bodies of neurons in PNS
Classification of Neurons
Multipolar Neurons
- have dendrites and 1 axon in cell body; in CNS
Bipolar Neurons
- has 2 processes from cell body; 1 dendrite & 1 axon; found in eyes, nose, & ears
Unipolar Neurons
- 1 procceses from cell body; 2 parts that function as one axon; sensory neurons; runs into CNS
Interneurons
- multipolar neurons lie within CNS & form links between other neurons
Motor Neurons
- conduct impulses from CNS to peripheral effectors
Major Parts of the Brain
Cerebrum
- largest portion, associated with higher mental functions and sensory/ motor functions
Cerebellum
- coordinates muscular activity
Brain Stem
- coordinates and regulates visceral activities and connects to parts of nervous system
Diencephalon
- proccess sensory input/ homeostasis processes
Major Parts and Functions of the Spinal Cord
automatic functions
- digestion, urination, heart rate, dilation of blood
sensory functions
- monitors touch, pressure, pain, temperature
motor functions
- direct voluntary muscle movements
Action Potentia
l - occurs when charge reaches -55 mv; there are all the same strength
Repolarization-
is accomplished by outward flow of potassium ions
Hyperpolarization
- potential dips below -70 mv
Cranial Nerves
Olfactory Nerve
- sensory fibers connect impulse associated with smell
Optic Nerve
- sensory fibers conduct impulse associated with vision
Occumulator
- motor fibers conduct signals to move eyes and adjsust focus
Trochlear
- motor fibers conduct impulse to move eyes
Trigeminal
-
Opthalmic Divisions
- sensory fibers end impulses from surface of eyes, tearglands, scalp, forehead, and upper eyelids
Maxillary Division
- sensory fibers conduct impulses from upper teeth, gum, lips, skin of face, and lining of palate
Mandibular Division
- Impulses from skin of jaw, lower teeth, lower lip, lower gum
Abducens
- motor fibers conduct impulse to muscles that move eyes
Facial
- sensory send impulses associated with taste receptors of anterior tongue; motor impulses to muscles of facial expression
Vestibulocochlear
-
Vestibular Branch
- sensory fibers conduct impulses associated with sense of equalibrium
Cochlear Branch
- impulse associated with sense of hearing
Glosoypharyngeal
- sensory fibers conduct impulse from pharynx, tonsils posterior tongue, and carotid arteries; motor uses impulse to conduct muscles of pharynx to control swallowing
Vagus
- somatic muscles fivers conduct impulse to muscles o f speech and swallowing
Accessory
-
Cranial Branch
- impulse to muscles of the spft plate, pharynx, larnyx
Spinal Branch
- impulse to muscles of neck and back
Hypoglossal
- impulse to muscles that move tongue
Spinal Nerves
Thoraic nerves: 12 pairs
Cervical nerves: 8 pairs
Lumbar nerves:5 pairs
Sacral nerves: 5 pairs
Coccygeal nerves
Neurotransmitters
- chemical messengers that convey impulses from one neuron to another cell; over 100; contain amino acids, neuropeptides and acetylcholine
Reflex Arc
sensory receptor
- sends pain messages to spinal cord
sensory neuron
- carries info from receptor to CNS; detects changes; dendrite/cell body/ axon
interneuron
- reflex center; dendrtie/axon/cell body in brain or spinal cord
motor neuron
- carries a command to effectors ; dendrite/cell body/ axon in motor neuron
effector
- muscle/gland that carries out reflex; muscle/glnad
Nerve Impulse
Continuous conduction
- occurs in unmyelinated; conduct impulses over length of membrane
Salatory Conduction
- occurs in myelinated axons; myelin sheath insulates axons from iron movement;
Types of Nerves
Sensory Nerves: conduct impulse to CNS; axons are sensory fibers
motor nerves: carry impulse to CNS; axons are called motor fibers
Mixed Nerves: carry sensory and motor nerves