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Valeria Marcelino Nervous system p.5 - Coggle Diagram
Valeria Marcelino
Nervous system
p.5
Major divisions and subdivisions.
Subdivisions
Central Nervous system- Brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral nervous system.
.
Cranial nerves rising from brain stem and brain.
1.Sensory connecting peripheral to central.
2.somatic connecting to skin and skeletal muscles.
3.Autonomic connecting to viscera
Spinal nerves arising from the spinal cord
Sensory fibers connecting peripheral sensory receptors
to the CNS
Somatic fibers connecting to skin and skeletal muscles
Autonomic fibers connecting to viscera
Spinal Nerves
Lumbosacral Plexuses
Rises from the low part of spinal cord. supply muscles and skin of the lower abdomen,external genitalia, buttocks, and
legs; include the obturator, femoral, and sciatic nerves.
Brachial Plexuses
Rises from lower side of cervical and upper thoracic
nerves; supply muscles and skin of arms, forearmsand hands; lead into the
upper limbs; include the musculocutaneous, ulnar, median, radial, and
axillary nerves.
Cervical Plexuses
lays on either side of neck,include the phrenic nerves, which control the diaphragm.
Connective tissue coverings
Endoneurium: covering around individual nerve fibers (axons).
Perineurium: covering around fascicles (bundles) of nerve fibers.
Epineurium: outer covering of a nerve.
Major parts and functions of brain
Diencephalon: processes sensory input and controls many homeostatic
processes.
Cerebellum: coordinates muscular activity.
Cerebrum: largest portion; associated with higher mental functions, and
sensory & motor functions.
Brainstem: coordinates and regulates visceral activities, and connects
different parts of the nervous system.
Major Functions of NS
Motor function
Nerve impulses (CNS) are conducted along motor neurons to effectors.
Effectors are muscles or glands that respond to decisions made in the
CNS.
Integrative function
Processing of this information is the basis for decision-making.
Coordination of sensory information in the CNS.
Sensory function
formation travels from receptors to sensory neurons,transport information into the CNS
provided by sensory receptors detect internal or external
changes.
Tissue Structure and function of neurons and neuroglia.
Neuroglia: cells that support, nourish, protect, and insulate neurons.
Neurons: cells that communicate, via electrical impulses, with other neurons or other tissues.
Cranial Nerves:
Ophthalmic division
Sensory conducts impulses from surface of eyes, tear glands,forehead,scalp, and upper eye lids
Maxillary division
sensory conducts impulses on upper teeth,upper gum, upper lip,
lining of the palate, and skin of the face.
Trigeminal-Mixed
Mandibular division
sensory conducts impulses from skin of the jaw, lower teeth, lower
gum, and lower lip. The motor fibers conduct muscles of mastication and to muscles in the
floor of the mouth
VI Abducens
Type-Primarily Motor
Function-Motor fibers conduct impulses to move the eyes. Sensory conducts impulses associated with the condition of muscles.
Oculomotor-
Type-primarily motor
Function- motor fibers conduct impulse with the muscles that raise eyelids. moves eyes, adjust lighting and focuses lense.
Optic-
type-sensory
Function-conducts impulse associated with vision
Olfactory-
type- sensory
Function- conducts impulses associated with smell
Trochlear
Type- Primarily motot
Function-Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles that move the eyes.
Some sensory fibers conduct impulses associated with the condition of muscles.
V Trigeminal Mixed
VII Facial-
Type- Mixed
Function-Sensory conducts impulses associated with taste receptors of the anterior tongue. Motor fibers conducts impulses uscles of facial expression, tear glands, and salivary glands
VIII Vestibulocochlear
Type-sensory
Cochlear branch
Type-sensory
Function-conduct impulses associated with the sense of hearing.
Vestibular branch
Type-sensory
Function- conduct impulses associated with the sense of equilibrium.
Accessory
Type-Primarily
motor
Vagus-
Mixed- Somatic conducts impulsesassociated with speech and swallowing.
Motor fiberes onduct impulses to the heart, smooth muscle, and glands in the thorax and abdomen. Sensory conducts impulses from the pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and viscera of the thorax
and abdomen.
Glossopharyngeal Mixed
function-conduct impulses from the pharynx, tonsils, posterior tongue, and carotid arteries. Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles of the pharynx used in swallowing and to salivary
glands.
Hypoglossal
Primarily motor
Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles that move the tongue.
Cranial branch-Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx.
Spinal branch
Spinal branch-Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles of the neck and back
Classifications of neurons
Interneurons neurons-neurons; the cell bodies of some interneurons aggregate in
specialized masses called nuclei. multipolar
neurons lying within the CNS that form links between other
Motor (efferent) neurons: multipolar neurons that conduct
impulses from the CNS to peripheral effectors (muscles or glands).
Sensory neurons: conduct impulses from peripheral
receptors to the CNS; usually unipolar, although some are bipolar.
Major parts and functions of spinal cord
It transmits mpulses to and from the brain, and spinal flexes.
descending tracts carry
motor information from brain to muscles or glands.
Ascending tracts carry sensory information to the brain;
Spinal reflexes: controlled by reflex arcs that pass through the spinal cord.
Neurotransmitters
Norepinephrine
Location- CNS
Action-Creates a sense of feeling good; low levels may lead to depression.
Location-PNS Action-May excite or inhibit autonomic nervous system actions, depending on
receptors.
Monoamines
Dopamine
Loctation-CNS
Action-Creates a sense of feeling good; deficiency in some brain areas is associated with Parkinson disease.
Location- PNS
Action-Limited actions in autonomic nervous system; may excite or inhibit, depending
on receptors.
Serotonin
Location-CNS
Action-Primarily inhibitory; leads to sleepiness; action is blocked by LSD, enhanced by
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drugs
Acetylcholine
Location-CNS
Action-Controls skeletal muscle actions.
Reflex arc-
Interneuron Description-Dendrite, cell body, and axon
of a neuron within the brain
or spinal cord.
Carries information from sensory
neuron to motor neuron.
Motor
neuron
Dendrite, cell body, and axon
of a motor neuron.
Carries instructions from brain or
spinal cord out to effector.
Sensory neuron
Description-Dendrite, cell body, and axon
of a sensory neuron. Function-Carries information from receptor
into brain or spinal cord.
Effector
Muscle or gland. Responds to stimulation (or
inhibition) by motor neuron and produces reflex or behavioral
action.
Receptor- Descriptions- end of a dendrite or
a specialized receptor cell in a sensory organ. Description- Senses specific type of internal or
external change.