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Merari Hernandez Per: 5- Nervous System - Coggle Diagram
Merari Hernandez Per: 5- Nervous System
Cranial Nerves
There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves that arise from the underside of the brain. The first pair arises from the cerebrum and the second pair arise from the thalamus but most arise from the brain stem
*Classifications of Neurons
Bipolar Neurons-have 2 processes extending from the cell's body, a dendrite and an axon
Multipolar neurons: Have many dendrites, one axon arising from their cell bodies
Unipolar Neurons: Have only one process extending from the cell body
Sensory (afferent) Neurons: Conduct impulses from peripheral receptors to the CNS
Interneurons (association or interneurons): Multipolar neurons lying within the CNS and form lines between other neurons
Motor (efferent) neurons: Multipolar neurons that conduct impulses from the CNS to peripheral effectors (muscles or glands)
*Major divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system :
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Made up of the spinal cord and brain-responsible for decision making and integration of information
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Made up of cranial and spinal nerves that connect CNS to the body. Contains sensory and motor divisions
Somatic Nervous System
Controls voluntary skeletal muscles
Major Functions of the Nervous System
Sensory,integrative and motor
Neurotransmitters
There are more than 100 neurotransmitters. Includes acetylchloline, amino acids and neuripeptides.
Actin of neurotransmitter depends on type of receptors in a specific synapse.
Some neurons produce on type of neurotransmitter while otther produce 2 or 3.
Spinal Nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves arise from spinal cord
8 pairs of cervical nerves, 12 pairs of toracic nerves, 5 pairs of lumbar nerves, 5 pairs of sacral nerves and 1 pair of coccugeal nerves
Reflex Arc
A sensory receptor that detects changes
A sensory neuron that carries the information from a receptor towards the CNS
An interneuron in the CNS reflex center
A motor neuron that carries a command to effectors
An effector that carries out the reflexes that responds to the initial change
Reflex functions- control heart rate,blood pressure, etc and carry out automanic responses such as vomiting,sneezes, swallowing, etc.
Major Parts and Functions of the Spinal Cord
Major Functions: Transmit impulses to and from the brain and to the house of spinal reflexes
Major Parts: Consists of 31 segments each of which connects to a part of spinal nerves.
Major parts and functions of the brain
Cerebrum-largest portion associated with sensory,motor and high mental functions
Diencephaton-process sensory input and controls many homeostatic process
Cerebellum- coordinates muscular activity
Brain stem-coordinates and regulates visceral activities and connects different parts of the nervous
*Autonomic Nervous System
Controls involuntary effectors (smooth and cardiac muscles and glands
Helps maintain homeostasis,responds to emotional stress and prepares the body for strenous activity
Connective Tissue Coverings
Epineurium: Outer covering of a nerve
Perineurioum: covering around fasicles of nerve fibers
Endoneurium: covering around individual nerve fibers
Action Potential and Nerve Impulse
Neuron is at rest until stimulated. Action potential occurs when the charge reaches -55mv. When reaches the cell responds by returning to resting potential (-70mv) by repoloraization
Nerve impulse travels along the membrane of a neuron. They are signals carried throughout the body to send the information for movement
Tissues
Neurons
Contains a cell body, tubular cytopalsam filled axon. They recieve signals to send to brain
Neurogelia
Cells that support neurons. It fills spaces, structurally support, protect and insulate neurons.