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Chapter 10: Water Hydrologic Cycle, Chapter 11: Soil, Chapter 12:…
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Chapter 11: Soil
5 Soil forming factors
- Climate: Most influencia;, determines intensity and types of weathering that occurs.
- Biota: soil organisms; a number of functions, help form soil organic matter, cycle nutrients, facilitate weathering of rocks/minerals.
- Parent material: Transports and breaks down to form soil
-Organic: derived from other plants.
- Geologic: rocks/minerals.
- Topography: also known as rebuff
- affects water movement and soil erosion
- Time
Soils form over long periods of time- primary minerals weathering to secondary and become physically smaller.
5 Golden rules of soil
- keep soil covered, cover crops
- Minimum or no till. 3. Mulch for nutrients and cover
- Maximize biomass production
- Maximizing biodiversity.
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Forms of soil
- Oxisols: bright red from oxidized iron. 2. Histosols: Dark brown soil organic matter. 3. Inceptisols: a "catch all" category,gray, natural color of soil. 4. Spodosols: common soil of NJ pinelands. Colored due to leaching (grey). 5. Ultisols: common in Nj, weathered claying soil
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