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IQ1 - What is an acid and What is a base? - Coggle Diagram
IQ1 - What is an acid and What is a base?
Reactions of acids
Theories
Bronsted-Lowry
Acid
proton donor
Base
proton acceptor
conjugate pairs
amphiprotic substances
water
accept or donate proton
act as an acid or a base
Limitations
requires the presence of a solvent
does not explain acid-base behaviour
in non-aqueous solvents
where proton is not involved
Arrhenius
acid
produces hydrogen ion
base
produces hydroxide ion
Limitations
only applies to aq. solutions
cannot deal with gases
cannot explain why carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form an acid
no hydrogen ions present in carbon dioxide gas
cannot explain amphoteric substances
Lewis
acid
electron pair acceptor
base
electron pair donor
Properties
Acids
sour taste
conducts electricity in solution
turn blue litmus red
Base
Soapy feel
Bitter taste
Conducts electricity in solution
turn red litmus blue
Testing
Indicators
natural indicators
provide on degree of acidity or alkalinity of solution
pH scale
determine strengths of acids & bases
synthetic indicators
provide quantitative measurement for the degree of acidity
e.g.
methyl violet
methyl orange
litmus
bromothymol blue
phenolphthalein
universal indicators
mixture of several indicators
produces several colour changes
depending on pH of solution
Neutralisation Applications
Controlling HCl in your stomach
taking an antacid
contains a base
neutralises the excess acid
Toothpaste
alkaline
neutralise the acids in the mouth
acid-carbonate
important in cooking
carbon dioxide
dough to rise