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Human Rights - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Cost
      - Expectation/ role of women in household
      - Abuse in classrooms e.g. violence, exploitation and punishment
      - Lack of amenities e.g. girls toilets
      - Child marriage
      - Early pregnancy
      - Lack of government investment
      - Insufficient female teachers
      - Support from some religious backgrounds
      - Insufficient legislation
    - - Empowers women and helps achieve gender equality in other areas e.g. employment
      - Also helps close development gap by having more workers and more productivity
      - Countries with equal secondary education show lower poverty, lower fertility rates, slowing population growth rate, lower IMR and better health.
    - - MDG Goal 2 “Achieve Universal Primary Education” now SDG goal 4 “Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all”
      - Success of MDG? Enrolment in primary education in developing regions reached 91% in 2015, up from 83% in 2000.
      - But in 2015, 57 million children of primary school age were out of school.
      - Among youths aged 15 to 24, the literacy rate has improved globally from 83% to 91% between 1990 and 2015, and the gap between women and men has narrowed.
      - In the developing regions, children in the poorest households are four times as likely to be out of school as those in the richest households.
      - In countries affected by conflict, the proportion of out-of-school children increased from 30 per cent in 1999 to 36 per cent in 2012.
      - UN established Girls’ Education Initiative (UNICEF is lead agency)
      - NGOs e.g. Toilet Twinning
      - MNCs e.g. Nike have education as part of their Corporate Social Responsibility
  - - - Early forced marriage – 1 in 3 married before 18, 1 in 9 before 15
      - High rate of young pregnancy – 20,000 births a day to under 18s
      - Harmful practices inc. FGM and breast ironing
      - STDs inc. HIV/AIDS
      - Forced steriliation or abortion
      - Sexual violence
      - Gender bias in giving information
      - Lack of female empowerment in choice
    - - Mainly social and cultural factors preventing access.
      - Most of these are discriminatory (due to gender) and violate human rights.
      - Human rights violated when women and girls are denied the right to access health care.
      - Many issues have a negative multiplier effect, e.g. teenage pregnancy
  - - - Social norms – traditional role of women
      - Cultural beliefs
      - Access to child care
      - Laws on equal opportunities
      - Social acceptance of women as contributor to household income
      - Gender based norms
      - Employer discrimination
      - Sectoral structure of labour market
- - - - Access to potable water, access to standard sewage system, access to security,
      - rehabilitation of irrigation systems, children’s access to education, access to health
      - services, access to justice, the situation of highways, access to shelter or home,
      - access to basic facilities like clothing, mine clearance programs, fighting corruption,
      - having a healthy environment, access to food, access to fuel and energy, and
      - electricity, and access to job opportunities are among the most important priority