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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES, ADVERBIAL CLAUSES - Coggle Diagram
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Inversions
Replace
if
with
should
for type-1,
were
for type-2, and
had
for type-3
Change the verb to the infinitive form (with “were”).
Ex
: Were I to win a lottery, I would buy that penthouse
Ex
: Should you leave now, you will catch the bus in time
Ex
: Had I revised for the test, I would have scored higher.
Wishes
Wish + would: want to change something annoying
Wish + past subjunctive: Type-2 conditionals
Wish + that-clause: Something is unlikely to happen
Wish + past perfect: Type-3 conditionals
Wish + to-infinitive ≈ want/would like: something is likely to happen
Types
Type-1
Open
conditions;
likely
conditions in the present and future
Ex
: If you do not revise for the test now, you will get a bad score.
Present simple + Will-infinitve
Type-2
Past subjunctive + Would-infinitive
Unlikely/Unreal
conditions in present and future
Ex
: If I won a lottery, I would buy that penthouse.
Type-0
One thing always follow automatically from another
Ex
:
Present simple + Present simple
Type-3
Unlikely/Unreal
conditions in the past
Ex
: If I had studied before the test, I would have scored better.
Past perfect + Would-perfect
Special cases
If it had not been for + N
Without + N
If it were not for + N
But for + N
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
Types
Manner: as if/ as though, as
Condition: as long as, if, provided/providing, unless, whether
Place: anywhere, everywhere, wherever, where
Etc
Time: after, as, before, as soon as, since, until, when, whenever, while
Reducing adverbial clauses
Delete all subordinators referring to reason
Delete
as
when it refers to time
Retain
since
when it refers to time
Retain
after, when
and
while
when the reduced form follows the independent clause
Retain
before
Tense sequence
To talk about
future
→ use
present
To talk about
an action completed before another described in the independent clause
→ use
simple
or
perfect verb forms
To talk about
past or present
→ use
the same tense
as in the independent clasue
Definition
A
dependent
clause introduced by *an adverbial subordinator
Functioning as an adverb (modify the verb of the independent clause)