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Geog P1 C2 revision - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Levees are formed by the repeated flooding of the river. When the river floods, the water rises , the largest most coarse sediment will be dumped close to the river banks and then the small sediment will get trapped forming a natraul bank . This will continue to build up the levee over time.
- - - - As a river goes around a bend, most of the water is pushed towards the outside. This causes increased speed and therefore increased erosion (through hydraulic action and abrasion).
      - The lateral erosion on the outside bend causes undercutting of the bank to form a river cliff.
      - Water on the inner bend is slower, causing the water to slow down and deposit the eroded material, creating a gentle slope of sand and shingle.
      - The build-up of deposited sediment is known as a slip-off slope (or sometimes river beach).
      - As the river makes its way to the middle course, it gains more water and therefore more energy. Lateral erosion starts to widen the river. When the river flows over flatter land they develop large bends called meanders.
- - - - abrasion
        
        When rocks carried by the sea water wear away the landscape, eg cliff face/headland.
        
        alluvium
        
        The sediment deposited by rivers. Also known as silt.
        
        discharge
        
        The volume of water in a river passing a point in a given time. Measured in cumecs (cubic metres per second).
        
        erosion
        
        The wearing away of pieces of rock, soil or other solid materials.
        
        estuary
        
        The open mouth of the river where it meets the sea.
        
        floodplain
        
        An area of low-lying land next to a river which is prone to flooding.
        
        gorge
        
        A deep, narrow passage that usually has a river running through it.
        
        hydraulic action
        
        Erosion caused by the force of river water hitting cracks in the side of the river bank. The air in the cracks becomes compressed and then explodes outwards, breaking off bits of rock.
        
        interlocking spur
        
        Hill that a river meanders around in a V-shaped valley. When viewed from downstream, these spurs appear to be locked together.
        
        lateral erosion
        
        The wearing away of the landscape when a river erodes sideways.
        
        levee
        
        Ridges or banks formed by deposits of alluvium left behind by the periodic flooding of rivers. Can also be artificially constructed banks or walls.
        
        meander
        
        A bend in a river.
        
        middle course
        
        The middle section of a river which has sloping land.
        
        mouth
        
        The place where a river meets the sea.
        
        mudflat
        
        Sheltered coastal areas where mud is deposited by tides or rivers.
        
        Oxbow lakes
        
        a curved lake formed from a horseshoe bend in a river where the main stream has cut across the narrow end and no longer flows around the loop of the bend.
        
        plunge pool
        
        The pool of water found at the bottom of a waterfall. It is an erosional feature which has been created by a combination of hydraulic action and the abrasion of the plunging water.
        
        river cliff
        
        Steep bank created on the outside of a river bend by the erosive effect of fast-flowing water undercutting the bank.
        
        slip-off slope
        
        Gently sloping bank found on the inside of a river bend because of slow-flowing water, depositing sediment.
        
        source
        
        The place where a river starts in its upper course.
        
        upper course
        
        The highest section of a river located in the mountains.
        
        vertical erosion
        
        When the land is eroded or worn away in a downwards direction, eg a river that is high up will erode vertically because gravity pulls the water downwards.
        
        waterfall - A steep drop in a river
        
        corrasion - wearing away of the river bed and banks by the load hitting against them.