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Acid and Bases Theories - Coggle Diagram
Acid and Bases Theories
Arrhenius Theory
Swedish Scientist
Definitions
Bases
Dissociate into hydroxide ions
Acids
Dissociate into hydrogen ions
Was right for most acids and bases of his time
Definitions allowed for conclusion
Hydrogen and Hydroxide ions
What cause the substance to neutralize
Could not explain why ammonia was a base
Could not dissociate into hydroxide ions
This meant the definition needed to be refined
Limitations
#
Did not account nature of the solvent
Assumed that all salts made
Were neutral
Modeled only reactions with organic solvent
Inorganic solvents weren't considered
Many do not dissociate
Bronsted-Lowry Theory
Definitions
Acids
Proton Donors
Bases
Proton Acceptors
Advancements on previous theory
Takes into consideration the solvent
Explained that water was amphiprotic
Accounted for ammonia
Included acids and bases in solid and gaseous state
Example
Ammonia and Hydrochloric acid
Ammonia accepts proton from HCl
Forms ammonium ion
hydrochloric acid donates a proton
Becomes chloride ion
Limitations
doesn't account for basicity of some oxides (CaO
fails to account for acidity of some oxides (SO2)
no account for acid-base that don't donate or accept protons
Lewis Theory
Definitions
Bases
Electron pair donors
Acids
Electron pair acceptors
Advancements'
Accounted for basicity and acidity of certain oxides
Took into consideration substances that could not accept or donate protons
Used in conjunction with the Bronsted Lowry Theory
Properties of Acids and Bases
Acids
Corrosive
turn blue litmus paper to red
Sour taste
conduct electricity in solution
Bases
Caustic
bitter taste
soapy feel
turn red litmus paper blue
Applications of neutralization
Balance of acids and bases
Important for health of the system
HCl breaks down food in the stomach
Creates balance in the stomach
Toothpaste neutralizes acids in the mouth
Soil neutralized in agriculture
Ensure plant growth and nutrient
Waste products in industry need to be neutralised