Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Final Research Paper, Social Welfare History Project (2011). Mary Ellen…

- - - - Mary Ellen Richmond was born August 5, 1861 in Belleville, Illinois (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
      - Her father, Henry Richmond, a carriage blacksmith (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
      - Her mother, Lavinia (née Harris) Richmond (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
      - Her parents died when she was very young so she was raised by her maternal grandmother and two aunts (Social Welfare History Project,2011)
        
        Detail
        
        Grandmother was active in women's suffrage, spiritualist, radical (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
        
        Mary grew up hearing about her grandmother's ideals and beliefs and it led to her becoming a critical thinker and social activist (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
      - In New York City after moving with her aunt, Mary took a job at a publishing house doing many clerical and mechanical tasks, with long 12 hour work days. Her aunt became ill and returned to Baltimore, leaving Mary alone in NYC at the age of 17. (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
      - After two years in New York on her own, Richmond returned to Baltimore and worked as a bookkeeper and developed her social skills by becoming involved with the Unitarian church. (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
      - She applied for a job as assistant treasurer for the Baltimore Charity Organization Society in 1889. (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
        
        Charity Organization Societies in several cities were the first organizations to develop a structured social work profession (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
        
        There were several independent organizations in place to provide assistance, but they all operated privately independent of each other and so there was no cohesion in services provided. (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
        
        The COS movement was to employ a scientific approach to cope with expanding problems of urban dependency, due to the amount of private philanthropies and mounting evidence that some individuals and families had learned to play these philanthropies against each other by applying to multiple charities for assistance. (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
        
        To bring order to a disorganized system so that all the philanthropies could function together more smoothly. (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
        
        Had roots in urbanization, and loss of community and mutual aid which was prevalent in rural areas.
        
        By nature urban areas promoted industrial accidents, disease, unemployment, poverty, family breakdown and other social and economic problems. The meaning of mutual aid is people giving each other help. This was more common in rural areas where people all knew each other and had a sense of community, than in urban ones where people were impoverished and barely staying alive.. (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
        
        When people were affected by these issues prevalent in urban societies, there were few options for people aside from begging, appealing to private charities, or applying for public relief. (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
        
        Economic issues, labor strife, and other events exacerbated these circumstances for people who were already struggling. (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
        
        Provided social services to the poor, disabled, and needy (Especially children)
      - After doing work with COS Mary Richmond was appointed as the general secretary of the COS due to her ability to articulately explain the mission of the organization and to raise money to support the services. Her skills as a leader, teacher, and practical theorist allowed her to become the first woman to hold this title. (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
      - Gave a speech at the Nation Conferences of Charities and Correction in 1897
        
        About encouraging young people to help with social services by creating a career path through a school of applied philanthropy
        
        A few years after this speech, Richmond accepted the head administrative position at the Philadelphia Society for Organizing Charity
      - In 1909, she moved from Philadelphia to New York and became the director of the Charity Organizational Department of the Russell Sage Foundation in New York . (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
        
        Helped establish networks of social workers and methods by which they did their work.
        
        Published many ideas in books (Such as Social Diagnosis, What is Social Case Work, Friendly Visiting among the Poor)
        
        Conducted research studies, such as "Nine hundred and eighty five widows)
    - - Mary Richmond was a bookkeeper, she did clerical and mechanical work, was assistant treasurer for the Charity Organization Society, trained as a friendly visitor.
      - Friendly visiting was publicly opposed by those who believed in larger interventions.
    - - having lost her parents at an early age she was raised by her spiritualist, radical, women's suffragist grandmother. and discussing these concepts at such an early age Richmond was definitely a different thinker.
    - - Richmond was different from other friendly visitors and had a different opinion on the needy than the average person of her time did.
  - - - She wanted to treat individuals, as well as shift focus from the poor and needy being morally bad to helping them. (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
      - "Suggestive evidence on the roots of rugged individualism points to selective migration, the adaptive advantage of self-reliance, and opportunities for upward mobility through effort." (Bazzi et. al., 2017)
        
        People at the time opposing providing assistance to the needy held a belief called "rugged individualism" usually
        
        People who held this belief were often clustered around the frontiers, and evidence points to the frontiers themselves fostering the attitude of rugged individualism. (Bazzi et. al., 2017)
        
        The people living on these frontiers were often male, illiterate, and born out of the states. Moving to these remote locations for them was their way to independently pursue the American Dream of self reliance. They opposed government assistance and intervention. (Bazzi et. al., 2017
    - - She believed in the relationship between people and their social environment as the major factor of their life situation or status. (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
      - Focused on strengths of family rather than blaming them for their problems because they were bad. (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
      - Believed to address a problem, one must first look at the individual. Next, their closest ties such as family , school, churches or jobs. Last, casework looks at the community
        and government dictating the norms for the person/family to determine how to help them and make adjustments to improve their situation. (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
      - Her ideas on casework were based on social theory than a strictly psychological perspective (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
      - She saw the community as a resource for any needy person or family (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
      - Her ideals of social work were revolutionary at the time because people classically had thought that the needy put themselves into their positions and were responsible for the bad that came to them because they were bad themselves. Modern social work education is based on the ideals of Mary Richmond. (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
      - Had a deep commitment to ensuring that families received appropriate services. (Social Welfare History Project, 2011)
    - - "some authors acknowledge the complementarity of Richmonds’ and Addams’ perspectives and support a more unified understanding of social work’s dualpurpose (Lundblad, 1995; Netting, 2013; Vodde & Gallant, 2002)." (Thompson et. al., 2019)
      - Jane Addams believed that institutions needed to be reformed to benefit individual's problems.
      - Jane Addams Bio
        
        Born into the wealthiest family in Cedarville, Illinois on September 6th, 1860
        
        This is 1 year away from Mary Richmond, and in the same state.
        
        Her father was a businessman, banker and philanthropist
        
        Her mother died when Addams was 3 years old
        
        five years later her father married a widow who was interested in the fine arts and culture
        
        Between her father and stepmother, Addams became aware of individual rights, civic duty and the belief that Christian ethics and the arts were necessary for a successful life.
        
        Her father and stepmother instilled strong values in her; civic responsibility, religious morals, and appreciation for the arts.
        
        Rockford Female Seminary in 1877
        
        Class president all four years
        
        Newspaper editor
        
        valedictorian
        
        Addams went on to the Women's Medical College in Philadelphia, but abandoned it to get spinal surgery.
        
        Got depressed after surgery. Convalesced around Europe for 2 years
        
        She came back and did charity work in Baltimore, struggled to find purpose in it.
        
        Addams discovered Tonybee Hall, which was a settlement house in London. It inspired her to open Hull House in Chicago, Illinois in 1889. Hull House was an inventive settlement with 13 buildings and a community playground.
        
        Around the same time Richmond was applying to assistant treasurer of Baltimore Charity Organization Society.
        
        Addams envisioned it as a place where educated women could help young working and poor women develop cultural interests, but the poverty around Hull House soon motivated her to provide social services to the residents, including day care, visiting nurses, legal aid, a boys club, a home for working girls and English classes for immigrants seeking citizenship.
        
        Hull House was supposed to be a place where people would provide each other mutual aid as Addams envisioned it; she had hoped educated women would help young working and poor women develop skills and knowledge. The reality was that Hull House became a hub of poverty. As a result, Addams provided social services to the residents including day care, visiting nurses, legal aid, a boys club, a home for working girls, and English classes for immigrants looking for work (Michigan State University)
        
        She believed true democracy was threatened by urban industrialization and worked to bring about a democracy that insured the welfare of all.
        
        Addams served on the Chicago Board of Education and founded organizations that lobbied for vocational education funding and strong child labor laws.
      - "Addams was the first woman president of the National Conference of Social Work, vice president of a national suffrage association and a founding member of the NAACP." (Michigan State University).
      - Similar to Addams’ understanding of the
        
        “spirit” of social work, Richmond is not interested in quibbling
        
        over which social work is the one authentic or true social work, but
        
        instead recognizes the need to address problems using a plurality
        
        of investigations and interventions at different levels.