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Enzymes of Biomarkers of Disease - Coggle Diagram
Enzymes of Biomarkers
of Disease
disease causes change in amount
of enzymes in affected tissue
presence
/
level
of enzymes can
be used as a diagnostic tool
enzymes monitored in blood
urine, sputum samples
levels of enzymes can monitor
a person's disease
PROGRESSION
or
RECOVERY
ELASTASE
white blood cells release enzyme
elastase as result of lung infection
function
breaks down bacterial pathogens
as past immune response
breaks down structural protein
elastin**
used within alveolar
walls
**elastin
contributes to elasticity of alveoli
helps lung tissue stretch and recoil
without it, exhalation longer takes longer +
less gaseous exchange takes place each breath
NORMALLY -
elastin not broken by elastase as
elastase inhibitor A1AT prevents
elastase activity after lung infection
CIGARETTE SMOKE
causes WBC to release too much
elastase
inhibits the synthesis of A1AT
∴ elastin in alveoli
IS
broken
down +
ELASTASE-INDUCED EMPHYSEMA
breakdown of elastin also in
cystic fibrosis
chronic obstructive pulmonary
disorder (COPD)
level of elastase found in
patient's sputum = indicator
of disease progression
Indicator of
Heart Attack
biomarkers can
confirm if heart attack
occurred
establish stage of recovery
levels certain cardiac enzymes
change dramatically in hours
following heart attack
examples cardiac enzyme =
myocardial muscle creatine
kinase
Enzymes in
Urine
enzymes normally in
kidney nephron
indicate kidney
injury/failure
tubular enzymes can leak
into the urine as result of cell
damage
early detection useful
of acute kidney failure
often not enzymes but proteins
enzymes produce monitored