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Local Self-Government : Rural - Coggle Diagram
Local Self-Government : Rural
Why multiple levels of government?
Central government can't manage so many regions in vast India.
India is democratic and responsibilities are at various levels.
Efficient governance and administration.
Levels of Government
Central
Based in New Delhi
Departments of national importance - defense, finance, home, railways etc.
Executive power vested in President - Ram Nath Kovind.
PM heads a Council of Ministers which helps President.
State
Departments such as law, transport, health, etc. in their states.
Governor has executive power.
Chief Minister heads a Council of Ministers to help Governor.
Local Self-Government
Elected by residents of locality.
Representatives are best aware about the problems of the area.
Functions at urban and local levels.
Rural Local Self-Government
Three-tier Panchayati Raj System
Gram Panchayat (Village Level)
Gram Sabha
Consists of all adults registered in the election.
The Gram Sabha (village assembly) holds at least 2 meetings every year.
It discusses important issues/problems of the villages.
Elects members of Gram Panchayat.
Headed by Sarpanch or Pradhan
Gram Panchayat
Seats reserved for Scheduled Castes and Tribes
1/3rd of total seats are for women of the village.
Responsibilities
Ensures supply of clean drinking water.
Constructs roads, tanks, wells, drains and public buildings.
Provides healthcare and sanitation facilities.
Supervises village schools.
Up-Pradhan takes on responsibilities in absence of Pradhan
Panchayat Samiti (Intermediate Level)
Several villages form a block with Panchayat Samiti as governing body.
Composition
Sarpanches of all Gram Panchayats in jurisdiction
A Member of Parliament and a Member of the Legislative Assembly representing the block.
Reserved seats for Scheduled Castes and Tribes.
1/3rd seats for women.
The chairperson and vice-chairperson are elected by members of the Samiti.
The Block Development Officer is responsible for carrying out the plans of the Panchayat Samiti
Zila Parishad (District Level)
Generally, functions for 5 years
Composition
People of the district play a role in elections.
President and vice-president are top office-bearers and are elected by other members.
Chairpersons of the Panchayat Samitis
Members of Parliament and State Legislatures.
Members from Scheduled Castes and Tribes. And women.
Members of parliament and state legislatures.
Nyaya Panchayat
To provide a system of fair and speedy justice, both civil and criminal, to citizens at their doorsteps, outside the formal judicial system.
To be elected by people in the area of jurisdiction.
Independent dispute resolution bodies, distinct from Gram Panchayats.
It cannot jail people. The highest punishment is a fine.
Functions
Construction and repair of roads.
Construction and repair of tanks and wells.
Provide clean drinking water.
Provide lights on roads.
Sanitation and Public Health
Management of hospitals, fairs, markets etc.
Organizing recreation and entertainment programs.
Sources of Income
Taxes on property, fairs, film shows.
Fixed portion of land revenue.
Grants from state government.
Charges for supplying water.
Advantages
Created a sense of community development, self-reliance and initiative among the villagers.
Uplifting the weaker sections of society and letting them govern their own areas.
Proper coordination must be maintained between the three levels of the system.