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Divided Germany: The Federal Republic and the DDR 1949–1963 The creation…
Divided Germany: The Federal Republic and the DDR 1949–1963
The creation of West Germany and the DDR
Occupying powers
1949 - West Germany = American zone
British, French and America = Bon Republic
1949 - West Germany = French zone
1949 - East Germany = Russian zone, USSR
Undercontrol of the Soviet Union / German Democratic Republic
1949 - West Germany = British zone
Berlin - split into 4 equal parts
The Soviet Zone
Social
Textile and Chemical industries still exist
Less war damaged than the western side/zones, except for Berlin
Land redistrobuted
These land reforms are backed by SMAD
Issues are exasperated because of reparations spent on the Russian zone (USSR
Socio-Economic
Lack of raw materials as the Ruhr is in the British zone
No currency so, difficult for industries to become established
Transport network is disjointed- key workers from soviet zone sent to soviet union
Starvation and malnourishment, issue due to increase in population, refugees and finacial problems
Privatised industries nationalise - only 39% of industries are privately owned, control under government (equal wealth)
Political
Led by WALTER UIBRICHT; Get rid of Nazism, w/c party, allows democratic parties to emerge - forces democratic parties to create an alliance (prevent reemerging facist)
KPD + SPD merge = SED, KPD - communists, signals end of the biggest party (SPD), represents 72% of people in Berlin, SMAD (soviet military administration unwelcome pressure.
Western zone
Main issues
Harvesting problems
Rationing reduced to the extent of starvation (Red Cross example of charity that sent food packages)
Coal and fuel shortages
Economic Revival
Tried to establish economic co-opperation
Tensios grow between US and USSR
Speech by Secretary of State which wanted to offer co-opperation and protection
Welcomed by British = BLZONE (economics)