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INTERNET PROTOCOL ADDRESS (IP ADDRESS) - Coggle Diagram
INTERNET PROTOCOL ADDRESS
(IP ADDRESS)
The Internet relies on an addressing system
(which is known as IP address) like the postal service to send data to a specific computer or device on the internet.
Ip address is a
sequence of numbers that uniquely identifies
the location of
each computer or device connected to the internet
or any other network.
the internet uses two version of IP addressing schemes :
(i) Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4)
(ii) Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
CHARACTERISTIC OF IPv4 ADDRESS
IPv4 uses a 32-bit address scheme allowing for a total 2^32 addresses=4294967296.
Made up of
four groups
of decimal numbers.
The number in
each group
is between
0 and 255
.
Separator
period
.
Each group
consists of
8 bits
, so 4 groups=32 bits.
The
lowest
IP address :
0.0.0.0
The
highest
IP address :
255.255.255.255
Example: 1.2.3.4 ,10.10.100.99 , 255.255.255.255
STRUCTURE OF IP4 ADDRESS:
IPv4 address has two part:
(i) The network ID/part (first three numbers) identifies the network.
(ii) The host ID/part (last number) identifies the specific computer.
INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 6 (IPv6)
The growth of internet has lead to a shortage of IPv4 addresses. Because of this increase, IPv4 addresses are running out.
IPv6 uses a 128-bit address scheme allowing for a total of 2^128 addresses =
Examples of IPv6 address:
(i) 2001:0db8:0a0b:12f0:0000:0000:0000:0005
(ii) 2021:0db8:0:0:1319:8a2e:0370:57ab
STRUCTURE OF IPv6 ADDRESS
Each IPv6 address is represented as
eight group/fields
of four
hexadecimal digits, separated by
*colons(:)
Each group consists of 16 bits.
Number in each group is between
0000
to
FFFF
Hence total bits are 8x16 =128 bits
Tota IPv6 addresses 2^128
THE IMPORTANCE OG IPv6:
- Due to growth of devices accessing the internet, the original IPv4 addresses began decreasing in availability.
The solution is for IPv6 to accommodate this increased demand by providing a much larger address space, along with improved traffic routing and better security.
THE BENEFITS/IMPOTANT OF IPv6:
- Larger IP address space that provide enough address spacefor many decades to come.
Improved traffic routing.
Better security.
Better support for real time.
Includes Plug and play
Better optimization.
The differences between IPv4 and IPv6
Domain Name
Because lengthy IP address can be difficult to remember, the internet supports domain names.
Relationship IP address to domain name:
A
domain name
is the
text version
of an
IP address
.
It is a part of web address that user type in a browser's address bar to access a website.
Example: www.google.com
Every domain name contains a top-level domain (TDL), which is the last section of the domain name.
TOP-LEVEL-DOMAIN (TLD)
The top-level-domain (TLD) identifies the type of organization associated with the domain.
Examples of TLD:
(i) .com - commercial organizations or companies
(ii) .gov - Government agencies
(iii) .org - Nonprofit organizations
LIST OF THE POPULAR TLD
(i) com: Commercial organizations, businesses and companies (www.google.com)
(ii) edu: Educational institutions (www.kmmp.matrik.edu.my)
(iii) gov: Government Agencies (www.malaysia.gov)
(iv) info: Business organizations or individuals providing general information (allmalaysia.info)
(v) jobs: Employment or human resource business (www.goto.jobs)
(vi) net: Network provides or commercial companies (www.whois.net)
(vii) org: Nonprofit (www.othermalaysia.org)
COUNTRY CODE TOP-LEVEL-DOMAIN (ccTLD)
For websites outside the United State, the domain name may include a country code TLD (ccTLD), which is a two-letter country code.
ccTLD identifies the country of origin associated with the domain.
For example, www.philips.com.my is the domain for Philips Malaysia.
EXAMPLES OF ccTLD:
(1) .my (Malaysia)
(2) .sg (Singapore)
(3) .kr (South Korea)
(4) .au (Australia)
(5) .uk (United Kingdom)
(6) .cn (China)
(7) .th (Thailand)
DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM (DNS)
A domain name system (DNS) is the method that internet uses to store domain names and their corresponding IP address.
When user enters a domain name (i.e., google.com) in a browser, a DNS server translates the domain names to its associated IP address so that the request can be routed to the correct computer.
A DNS server is a server on the internet that usually is associated with an ISP.
WEB ADDRESS
Web address is a unique address for a web page.
Also called a
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Examples of web address:
(1)
http://www.facebook.com
(2)
https://www.moe.gov.my/pendidikan
(3)
https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/news/photomultimedia.htm
COMPONENTS OF WEB ADDRESS:
Protocol
Domain name
Path
Web page name
i. Protocol
A set of rules that defines how pages transfer on the internet.
Types of protocol:
(a) http (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
A standard set of rules that defines how pages transfer on the internet.
(b) https (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
A protocol for secure communication over a computer network.
ii. Domain Name
Address of the computer that contains the web site (IP address)
iii. Path
Directories or folders that contains the files being accessed.
iv. Web Page Name
The name of the file that is being accessed.
