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Spain: The Restoration, liberalism and democratic ideas, image , image ,…

- - - - a coup led by Riego and Quiroga succeeded
      - Fernando VII was forced to reinstate the Constitution of 1812
      - guarantee the freedoms that had been suppressed during the previous phase
  - - - Fernando VII asked the Holy Alliance for assistance
      - They sent a French army, the 100 000 Sons of St Louis'
      - he defeated the liberal
    - - re-established the absolute monarchy/ persecuted the liberals
      - There were more liberal revolts, but none of them succeeded.
- - - - Isabel was still a minor
      - 2 regents governed in her name
        
        Maria Cristina Bourbon (her mother)
        
        General Espartero (he was a Profressive)
      - The first Carlist War took place
        
        the monarchy changed from absolute to liberal
    - - took place because Fernando VII's brother Carlos claimed the throne
      - didn't accept either the Pragmatic Sanction or Isabel II as queen
      - Supporteres of Carlos
        
        by the absolutists
        
        by those who supported the fueros
      - Supporters of Isabell
        
        liberals
        
        to become a liberal goverment
    - - the Convention of Vergara was signed
      - Isabel was recognised as Queen of Spain
      - Carlos did not accept the treaty, and his son
- - - - Isabel II reached the age of majority
      - she was only 13 years old
    - - the alternation in power between the Moderates and Progressives
      - the second Carlist War (1846–1849)
      - Spain's division into 49 provinces
      - social instability caused by discontent among the peasants over poor working condition
      - expropiations that aimed to solve Spain's economic problems
  - - - political parties
      - they believed in universal manhooh suffrage
      - the republicans who wanted Spain to be a republic
    - - major economic crisis
      - This was caused by poor harvests and by a halt in railway construction
      - unemployment increased and many small and medium investors were ruined
- - - - the uprising
      - was well supported in all the major cities in Spain
      - it was succesfull
        
        Isabel II was forced into exile
  - - - General Serrano
        
        he was a Genreal Prim
        
        was the head of the goverment
        
        called the Constituent Cortes in order to write a new constitution
      - The Constitution of 1869
        
        19th-century Spain's most democratic constitution
        
        It introduced
        
        universal manhood suffrage
        
        freedom of religion
        
        guaranteed a range of other rights and freedoms
    - - Amadeo of Savoy
        
        the son of the Italian king
        
        Victor Emmanuel II, was named King Amadeo I of Spain.
      - third Carlist War (1872–1876) began
        
        the provisional government had not chosen the Carlist candidate
        
        Carlos VII, was the king
    - - Amadeo I abdicated
        
        the Cortes proclaimed Spain a republic
        
        the first time that Spain was not ruled by a monarch
      - Problems
        
        The third Carlist War continued
        
        Alfonso's supporters rejected the republic
        
        There were revolts in Andalucía, Levante and Murcia
      - Alternatives
        
        a federal republic, divided into 17 federal states
        
        a centralised, or unitary, republic
        
        political instability in the republic, four different presidents in one year
        
        Pi y Margall
        
        Salemrón and Castelar
        
        Figueras