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Te_Ramos_Pinero_Mao - Coggle Diagram
Te_Ramos_Pinero_Mao
Consolidation and Maintenance of Power
Use of Legal Methods
Use of Force:
Anit-Rightist Movement (July 1957)
Led by Deng Xiaoping used the methods of struggle meeting and declared hundred of
thousands of intellectuals as rightists. Millions of people were
sent to the countryside to learn from the peasants or sent to labor
camps in which taught China that criticism of the party was not allowed.
Agrarian reform Law (June 1950):
Had the aims to lead the
peasants to succeed in the elimination of landlords. In the
Struggle Meeting campaign, thousands of landlords were forced
to admit their crimes against the pedantry (by beaten to
death or them choosing to commit suicide
Charismatic Leadership
1966
: The Cult of Mao grew into millions full of young students. Red guards looked at Mao like a god-like figure and rebelled for Mao's belief
Dissemination of Propaganda
The Cultural Revolution:
with the support of the red guards they vandalized China (writing on wall posters and attacking private property) and followed the motto " to rebel is justified" in order to create the cult of Mao
Cultural revolution (1966):
launched by Jiang who wanted to
change cultural production which were criticizing the
government. Jiang wanted to get rid of the old four which were
Old customs, old habits, old culture, old thinking. This also
included getting rid of older people who were already spoiled
with old ways.
Nature, extent and treatment of opposition
Mao encouraged peasants to attack the people that were against the revolution and those who opposed Mao were sent to the countryside or committed suicide along with getting attacked by the peasants
Impact on Success/Failures of Foreign Policy on Maintenance of Powertext
Korean War
: The North and China became allies and North Korea aligned with America. Both sides started fighting but then led to a stalemate leading China to lose about half of a billion of their money but also with the realization that they could can almost defeat the western power.
Sino-Soviet Relationship (1953-1961):
The relationship between China and the Soviet Union was getting worse. There was tension happening at the borders almost leading to a Nuclear War then leading to have the PRC and USA having tension between them also. Nixion then Declared the PRC replacing Taiwan as a permanent member of the UN security Council that then led China to raise its influential status, faced down the USSR and became a nuclear power
Aims and Results of Policies
The impact of policies on women and minorities
Authoritarian control and the extent to which it was achieved
Aims and impact of domestic economic, political, cultural and social policies
Political:
Domestic:
Economic:
Emergence of Authoritarian states
Methods
Leaders
Sun Yixian - Was president of the Republic in China but overthrown by Yuan Shikai the same year he was president in 1912 Than later on became one of the southern leaders and established a government in the south of Guanzhou, This was due to the Warlord Era in 1916-27. After the May 4th movement he also shared an aim with Kuomintang about their beliefs in Western democracy to the Chinese people but was rejected by the Chinese Intellectuals. He allied with the communist party but died in 1925.
Kuomantang also known as the GMD being lead by Sun Yixian, they allied with the Communist party, which was created by Mao and another group in Shanghai. But than was later on lead by Jiang Jieshi after Sun Yixian dies. After this things changed due to Jiang Jieshi fearing the Communist party trying to form into a socialist party.
Yuan Shikai - He was a general that later on took over the presidency of the Republic of China. In which he later on betrays democratic ideals causing locals to break out. In 1916, after his death a civil war breaks out.
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) Born in 1887 and son of a merchant was the leader of the Koumantang in 1925. He feared the communist party forming a socialist government. By 1928 he became the president of the Nationalist Republic of China. In which he promised democracy but only focused on fighting against the Communist party, instead of the Japanese in which where they invading China and caused many people of China to get upset. Causing Many of the peasants to support the Communist more since he was also starting to have shortage of money.
Persuasion and Coercion
Once the Nationalist party started to lose control due to the ignorance from bribery and corruption financially it started to impact China financially like the middle class, shortage of money, increase taxes, and different exchange rates in the cities. This caused many including the intellectuals to turn their backs on the Nationalist party and support the Communist party. This also meant lose support from the cities.
Ideology
China believed in a more socialist ideology, he had an attitude of anti-western. This included peasants having an impact on his way of thinking and ideology since he believed they were the main force to help China as a country
Conditions
Wars
After Yuan Shikai's death a former President of China, China had warlords hold authority over them causing other nations like Japan to make China a Japanese protectorate.
Civil war - (1927-1949) It took place in the countryside in where Mao and the communist established themselves in south-central China where the Jiangxi Soviet was. Mao had gathered people in the Red Army and trained them in Guerilla warfare. Although, the Nationalist attacked the Communist party, they failed to drive them out of South-central of China. This civil war kept going until 1949 after WWII.
World War 1 (1914-1918) - WWI caused more problems to China due to the Beijing government declaring war against Germany in 1917. Since they believed that allies would return Chinese territories that were controlled by Germany back to China. Instead the allies would give Japan those territories under the Treaty of Versailles. But due to the Treaty of Versailles it made many people in China upset causing students to march in Beijing on May 4, 1917.
The long March - In 1933 Jiang had gathered 700,000 people to form an army and surround the communist stronghold. In which the communist party forces had fled 6,000 miles to the Northern of China and this was between 1934 and 1935. During this time Japan had also invaded China.
World War II - After the war the Communist and Nationalist party resumed their civil war against each other.
The Sino Japanese War - From 1937-1945. The Japanese started to move to Manchuria to Beijing. While the Soviet Union started to help China, Japan had most of China's seaboard was in control by the Japanese, but the Japanese failed to destroy the Nationalist party. The Sino Japanese war ended after two famous atomic bombs were dropped (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) in August of 1945.
Social Division
Merchants, middle class, peasants, women, intellectuals etc. China had a regional problem so people were all separated by where they lived. People didn't stay together much until Mao started getting support and gather people section by section by the campaigns and reforms he created for the people.
Economic Factors
China didn't have much technology, materials, and advanced things like most other countries had especially after overthrowing the last Qing Emperor. China had a lot of economic/financial problems.
Weakness of Political system
Lacked a centralized government after overthrowing the last Qing Emperor. During the warlord Era it was just warlords in different parts of China. In which the Japanese would always try to invade China since it lacked a government and a nation that had a problem with regionalism.