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chapter 7 Ionic compounds and metals - Coggle Diagram
chapter 7 Ionic compounds and metals
Metallic bond
Properties
of metal
good conductors of electricity and heat
malleable and ductile
high melting point and boiling point
Alloy
Substitutional alloys: some atoms in the original metallic solid are
replaced by
other metals of
similar atomic size.
Interstitial alloys: small holes in a metallic crystal are
filled with
smaller atoms.
mixture of elements that has metallic properties
electron sea model: all metal atoms in a metallic solid contribute their valence electrons to form a "sea" of electrons.
metallic bond is the attraction of an
metallic cation for
delocalized electrons.
Ion formation: Octet structure
Metals lose valence electrons,
forming cation
Group lose 2 electrons: 2+
Group 3 lose 3 electrons: 3+
Group 1 lose 1 electron: 1+
Transition metal: lose s electrons
first, then d electrons
Nonmetals gain electrons,
forming anion
Group 15 gain 3 electrons: 3-
Group 16 gain 2 electrons: 2-
Group 17 gain 1 electron: 1-
Ionic bond and
ionic compound
Compounds that contain ionic bonds
are called ionic compounds
Chemical formula represents
formula unit
:
simplest ratio of the ions involved.
Cation written first
Subscript represents the
number of ions
Total charge equal zero
Ionic bond: electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together. usually: Metal (including NH4+) + nonmetal
Properties of
ionic solid
high melting point and boiling point
poor conductor of electricity in solid state
hard, rigid, brittle
conduct electricity when molten dissolved in water
lattice energy
The
energy required
to separate 1 mol of ions in an ionic compound. →endothermic process
smaller ionic size→smaller distance →greater attraction →larger lattice energy
larger charge → larger attraction →larger lattice energy
melting point, boiling point and hardness of ionic compound related to lattice energy.
Name and formula
of ionic compound
The second element: monoatomic ions, ends with –ide; polyatomic ions, ends with -ate or -ite.
If there are different oxidation numbers of metal, write Roman Numerals in parenthesis to indicate charge
The first element: Cation has its English name