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Italy - 1914-18 - Coggle Diagram
Italy - 1914-18
Entry into the War
Initial start of WWI
Beginning of WWI
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Italy did not join the war straight away as Austria had not told Italy of its plan to declare war on Serbia before
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Many believed that the war would create strain on the economy and that the population was uninterested
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Politics
Issues
Impact of 1916 Trentine offensive on public morale and army led to criticism of Salandra and forced to resign
Failures at Caparetto resulted in the suicide of a senator Leopaldo Franchetti and several resignations
Neutralist that made up the majority of parliament blamed for war failures, calls to be put on trial for treason
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PSI opposition worsened left-right divide, also blamed by Mussolini who called them a greater threat than the Austrians for their 'not support nor sabotage' tactic
Unity
Salandra's replacement Orlando focused more on boosting morale, promise land reform to conscripting peasants, created welfare to support soldiers and families
General Diaz improved military tactics, casualty rates fell considerably from 520,000 in 1917 to 143,000 in 1918
Social Issues
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A lack of discipline in army punished by severe punishments, 400 death sentences passed on soldiers
Captured soldier abandoned by army - suffered 1,000 calories a day, 100,000 dying of hunger-related illnesses
The War
Caporetto
October 1917 - Austrian army attacked the Italian front line and Italian army dissolved into chaos and retreat
Many soldiers fled down mountain side, many weaponless and reports that chaos (looting, violence) amongst army who thought the war was over
200,000 Italians lost contact with regiment
10,000 killed, 30,000 wounded, 400,000 simply vanished
Successes?
October 1918 Italian troops launches an offensive across the Piave and at the Battle of Vittorio Vento split the army in two
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Problems it left
Went from having 2.9 billion lire in debt pre-war to 23 billion after• 650,00 casualties
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Paris Peace Conference
What Occurred
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Orlando walked out of the conference and gained very little from the Treaty of Versailles - got Trent, Triste and Northern Dalmatia
Effect
Worsened disquiet and anger with 650,000 death seen to be for nothing
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