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CHAPTER 6 : POLICY ADOPTION, - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 6 : POLICY ADOPTION
Definition / meaning
:check: The process that needs to adopt, modify or reject a preferred policy recommendation when it comes to deciding.
:check: The act of accepting the preferred recommended the agency authority. For example the legislature in Malaysia that implements the law in Malaysia.
:check: Policy adoption is a process of getting support for a specific policy proposal so that a policy can be authorized
:check: It is also the process of getting the government to accept a particular solution to the problem in the policy adoption.
:check: The enactment of legislation of an executive order.
For example The SST proposal that has been presented before the parliament and it was adopted by the body through the parliamentary process
Types of Decision Making / Styles of Policy Adoption.
a) Bargaining.
: : :checkered_flag: Under the public policy adoption styles these bargaining involves negotiation or the compromise to reach a mutually acceptable decision.
: :checkered_flag: To adjust at least the inconsistency goals to the new goals that are acceptables fo all parties.
: :checkered_flag: Either accelerate policy adoption or to slow down the decision making of policy adoption.
: :red_flag: For example if one of the parties makes a goal but inconsistent they can change the goals to the new goals to make it more consistent and make all of the parties accept the decision making made by the parties.
b) Persuasion .
. : :black_flag: construction of argument to get support for the adoption.
:black_flag: It is also to induce or to convince along with the others for the policy adoption.
: :black_flag: Under this persuasion there is no modification of the policy. In other words, they have to stick with the old policies without any modifications.
: :red_flag: For example. If they stated the percentage of the SST policy they have to stick with the rate of the percentage without any modifications on it before implementing it.
c) Command
:star: These commands can do the decision of those who have the authority to bind others within the jurisdiction.
:star: In decision making policy adoption styles these commands have the connection with the hierarchical relationships.
: :star: Hence , it also involves the upper level authority directing the lower level to obey.
: :star: Either reward or penalties that are decided by the authority in policy adoption.
:<3: For example, if the Prime Minister @ President have their own right in giving the commands and also the Prime Minister can give either the rewards or the penalties to the parties.
Decision Making Process
Each process is applied alongside a decision making style.
a) Executive
:red_flag: Submission of Bill to the Executive (Cabinet)
:red_flag: Minister > Attorney General / Treasurer / other relevant Ministries > Cabinet
:red_flag: Decision Making Style Practiced: Persuasion
b) Legislative
:warning: Reading Process by the Legislative (Parliament)
:warning: 1st, 2nd & 3rd Readings > Royal Assent > Gazette
:warning: Decision Making Style Practiced: Bargaining
c) President @ Prime Minister’s Decision / Announcement
:<3: Adoption of Policy through Constitutional Power as HoS / HoG
:<3: Applicable in context of: Nation Building / Development / Restructuring of Wealth
:<3: Decision Making Style Practiced: Command
Factors Influencing Decision for Policy Adoption
Factors Influencing Decision for Policy Adoption.
:fire: Permissibility (allowed by law / constitution?)
:fire: Acceptability (accepted by the public / other nations?)
:fire: Availability of resources (enough funds / personnel / patronage / time?)
:fire: Timing (suitable to adopt at the time?)
:fire: Commitment (any election campaign promises / promises towards other nations left unfulfilled?)
Additional factors:
:black_flag: Availability of official and unofficial information.
:black_flag: Values
: :black_flag: Political party affiliation
: :black_flag: Constituency interest
:black_flag: Public opinions
:black_flag: Deference
: :black_flag: Decision rules