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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM, PITUITARY GLAND, ADRENAL GLANDS, THYROID GLAND - Coggle…
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
PINEAL GLAND
Melatonin: Primary functions of melatonin appear to relate to biological rhythms associated with reproduction.
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PANCREAS
secreted
Insulin:It decreases blood glucose level. It works antagonistacally with glucagon. It stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen.
Glucagon:It increases blood glucose level. It works antagonistacally with insulin. It stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose.
diseases
Diabetes mellitus(Type 1):No insulin secretion. Insulin receptors on target cells cannot be sumulated.
Diabetes mellitus(Type 2):Enough insulin secretion but insulin receptors on target cells cannot bind to insulin.
PARATHYROID GLAND
Parathyroid hormone(PTH) is released by the parathyroid glands.It works antagonistacally with calsitonin hormone secreted from thyroid gland.
Malfunctions of Parathormone:Parathormone deficiency:Tetany / Parathormone excess:bones become weak and brittle
THYMUS GLAND
This is the primary lymphoid organ of the immune system. It secretes thymic hormone. It is needed for development of T-lymphocytes.
GONADAL SEX HORMONES
secreted
Testes Hormones:It is male sex hormone. It is located in scrotum function as gonads and produce androgens. It stimulates development and maintenance of the male reproductive system.
Ovarian Hormones:It is female sex hormone. It is controlled by FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary. Estrogen is released from follicle and responsible for maintenance of the female reproductive system.
Progesterone:It is secreted from ovarian hormones. It is primarily involved ib preparing and maintaining the uterus.
FEEDBACK:Hypotalamus---GnRH---Anterior Pituitary---LH/FSH---Ovary---Estrogen and Progesterone---Uterus
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ADRENAL GLANDS
Adrenal Medulla Hormones
Epinephrine(adrenaline) and Norepinephrine(noradrenaline):Both hormons are member of a class of compounds called catecholamines. They are secreted in response to stress-activated impulses from the nervous system. They mediate various fight or flight responses.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones
secreted
Glucocorticoids(cortisol):It influences gucose metabolism and the immune system. It stimulates the production of glucose from fats and aminoacids and reduce inflammation.High level of cortisol causes Cushing Syndrome.
Mineralocorticoids(aldosterone):It affects salt and water balance in blood. It stimulates reabsorbtion of sodium and water. Low levels of Aldosterone causes Addison disease.
Androgens:This gland also produces small amount of steroid sex hormones;estrogen, progesteron and testosterone. Woman may have masculunization from oversecretion of adrenal male sex hormone.
THYROID GLAND
secreted
THYROXINE HORMONE
It stimulates metabolism and influence development and maturation. It increase blood pressure and heart beat rate and metabolism rate.
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CALSITONIN HORMONE
It decreases the Ca2+ level of blood. It stimulates Ca2+ deposition in bones and decreases reabsorbtion of Ca2+ in kidneys and increases excretion of Ca2+ by urine.