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Genetics - Coggle Diagram
Genetics
I will be able to Develop and use a model to show that sexually reproducing organisms have two of each chromosome in their cell nuclei, and hence two variants (alleles) of each gene that can be the same or different from each other, with one random assortment of each chromosome passed down to offspring from both parents.
genotype - A genotype is an individual's collection of genes.The genotype is expressed when the information encoded in the genes' DNA is used to make protein and RNA molecules. The expression of the genotype contributes to the individual's observable traits, called the phenotype.
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allele -
allele, also called allelomorph, any one of two or more genes that may occur alternatively at a given site (locus) on a chromosome. Alleles may occur in pairs, or there may be multiple alleles affecting the expression (phenotype) of a particular trait.
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phenotype -
The term phenotype refers to the observable physical properties of an organism; these include the organism's appearance, development, and behavior. Examples of phenotypes include height, wing length, and hair color.
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Bot Head - The bot head simulation we did connects to this because we had to find the genes and use punnet squares and connect everything to show how people get their genes and how they get them. We saw how they were passed down from one family member to another.
Communicate information about artificial selection / the ways humans have changed the inheritance of desired traits in organisms.
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I will be able to Communicate that through writing and in diagrams that chromosomes contain many distinct genes and that each gene holds the instructions for the production of specific proteins, which in turn affects the traits of an individual.I
Chromosomes - A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. Most eukaryotic chromosomes include packaging proteins called histones which, aided by chaperone proteins, bind to and condense the DNA molecule to maintain its integrity.
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Proteins - Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Genes - A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. ... Every person has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent.
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Construct an argument based on evidence for how environmental and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms.
CLAIM - Genetic factors only slightly have more of an influence on the growth of organisms than environmental factors.
Another way of proving that genetic factors have more of an influence is because the identical twins study show no matter where you grow up. These factors are your eye color, your height, your weight and anything else physical.
The last example i’m going to give you is that the east african runners are mostly based off of genetic factors. They have had many runners do very good and they have got 10 olympic gold medals just from 1 small town just a little bit bigger than leicester. They have better genetics so they are faster, and stuff like that so they are better in running.
One example of this is that studies have shown that “60-80 % of the difference in height between individuals is caused by genetic factors”.
Construct an argument based on evidence for how asexual reproduction results in offspring with identical genetic information and sexual reproduction results in offspring with genetic variation. Compare and contrast advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction.
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I will be able to describe Develop and use a model to describe that structural changes to genes (mutations) may or may not result in changes to proteins, and if there are changes to proteins there may be harmful, beneficial, or neutral changes to traits.
The Encyclopedia Analogy CITING MUTATIONS - While you have the encyclopedia analogy is explained there is a way for mutations to get in there. Mutations get in there if there is maybe a ripped out page or a lot of missing sentences,
Trait - A phenotypic trait, simply trait, or character state is a distinct variant of a phenotypic characteristic of an organism; it may be either inherited or determined environmentally, but typically occurs as a combination of the two.
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Mutation - the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes
A negative change in mutations could be blindness or deafness because then you completely lose those factors and you will never be able to use them or get them back.
Encyclopedia analogy - Each of us has an encyclopedia in our cells, and each page of that encyclopedia represents one gene, A set of genetic encyclopedias is comprised of 46 books, and each of these books represents chromosomes 23 books are inherited from our mother and 23 are inherited from our father. Each chromosome book has about 1,000 pages, one for each gene on that chromosome.
Use a model to describe the process of natural selection, in which genetic variations of some traits in a population increase some individuals likelihood of surviving and reproducing in a changing environment. Provide evidence that natural selection occurs over many generations
