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Genetics, image, image, image - Coggle Diagram
Genetics
Develop and use a model to show that sexually reproducing organisms have two of each chromosome in their cell nuclei, and hence two variants (alleles) of each gene that can be the same or different from each other, with one random assortment of each chromosome passed down to offspring from both parents.
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Alleles-One of two, or more, forms of a given gene variant.
Punnett Square-A tool that can be used to figure out variations and probabilities that can come from cross breeding
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Genotype-The genetic makeup of an organism-It refers to the exact alleles. Ex. Bb, AA, dd
Bothead Simulation- We used this simulation to understand the chance of the getting your parents genes, and to show what the chance f getting mutations are like. first we needed to create grandparent bots. We did this by picking cards for each gene and creating bots. We then had to get one allele from the grandma and one from the grandpa bot. We did this by doing a 50/50 chance of getting one of the alleles. With the new alleles we then made parent bots. Then to simulate the mutations we got all of the alleles for the children. Then we rolled a dice ten times. When we got a ten we would pick a card, and for the number of rolls is took to get that six, thats how many alleles we would count. The allele it lands on is the gene that is affected. The in the end, many bots looked funky, but still had genes from the starting grandparents.
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Develop and use a model to describe that structural changes to genes (mutations) may or may not result in changes to proteins, and if there are changes to proteins there may be harmful, beneficial, or neutral changes to traits.
Mutation- When a DNA gene is changed, which alters the phenotype
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Encyclopedia Analogy Mutations- Say if you switch pages in an encyclopedia this makes the book more confusing. Or if you take away a page, this could be very hard to find information, and even end up changing the information. The same thing happens during mutations. During the mutation, information can be added or taken away, which changes your traits.
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Communicate through writing and in diagrams that chromosomes contain many distinct genes and that each gene holds the instructions for the production of specific proteins, which in turn affects the traits of an individual.
Proteins- Large molecules that do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.
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Genes- They are made of DNA. Each person contains two copies of them. Each parent passes down one gene.
Encyclopedia Analogy- It is easier to break down the encyclopedia to break down into multiple copies, that is what chromosomes are, they are broken down. In each book there is information each book having different stuff, like how in each chromosome has information (traits).
Construct an argument base on evidence for how asexual reproduction results in offspring with identical genetic information and sexual reproduction results in offspring with genetic variation. Compare and contrast advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction.
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Construct an argument based on evidence for how environmental and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms.
Mosa Mack article called, Twin Studies: Height, Weight, and IQ in Twins, tells us that the environment that you grow up in can affect your traits.
Newsela article titled, East African runners set the pace, talks about how these runners have been winning races for decades because of their environment that they train in.
The Mosa Mack article named, Human Condition: Body Fat and Obesity, tells us that being overweight can be caused by the environment and the lack of exercise.
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The environment has a greater impact on determining traits than genetics because there is much more and stronger evidence that proves that the environment affects your traits more. The environment affects your traits a little more than genetics. Genetics is pretty much a base for yourself. The environment builds off of that base, and constructs new traits.
Communicate information about artificial selection / the ways humans have changed the inheritance of desired traits in organisms
Cancer Deactivation Gene- Cancer patients are unable to produce T cells. So a scientist can look into a person who produces strong T cells, and copy the genes and put it into the DNA of the patient. This could allow for cancer patients to get rid of cancer without chemotherapy.
Regeneration Gene- The gene is used to replace missing tissue in orgnaims. the gene is found in axolotls. This could help people who need an amputation.
Fancy Fish- The fancy fish is a salmon that grows twice as fast as a normal salmon. This can allow for more food, and supply the demand for hunger. Chinook salmon, ocean pout, and atlantic salmon's DNA are used to create this crazy fish.
Edpuzzle, Homology Directed Repair- This gene is a template DNA which is used to replace a certain gene. CRISPR is used to removing defective genes, the normal repair guid fails to fix the missing gene. But, HDR can be put into the missing gene to allow them to correctly repair the missing gene.
use a model to describe the process of natural selection, in which genetic variations of some traits in a population increase some individuals' likelihood of surviving and reproducing in a changing environment. Provide evidence that natural selection occurs over many generations.
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